Preparation and heat resistance of cyanide-derived benzoxazine resins

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250254

Abstract

Abstract:

It is of great significance to prepare low-temperature curable high-performance benzoxazine resins from biomass raw materials, which can meet the requirements of sustainable development in the industrial field. In this paper, 4-hydroxybenzonitrile and vanillonitrile were synthesized from vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Two new biobased benzoxazine monomers, HN-fa and VN-fa, were synthesized by solvent-free method, and then cured to prepare poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa). The effect of nitrile group on reducing ring-opening polymerization of benzoxazines were studied by DSC. Due to the existence of nitrile functionality, the peak curing temperatures of HN-fa and VN-fa were as low as 200 and 206℃, respectively. In addition, the heat resistance of poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa) was investigated by TGA and MCC. Poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa) exhibited high glass transition temperatures (T_g) of 247 and 189℃, respectively. Moreover, these two thermosets also showed excellent flame retardant properties. These attractive results demonstrate that the newly designed nitrile-containing biobased benzoxazine monomers can be used for preparing high heat resistance and low temperature processed materials.

Key words: benzoxazine resin, biomass, synthesis, polymer, preparation

摘要：

从生物质原料制备可低温固化的高性能苯并嗪树脂对满足工业领域可持续发展具有重要意义。但制备兼具低固化温度和高性能的苯并嗪树脂是当前领域的难点，为了克服这一困难，以生物质香草醛和对羟基苯甲醛为原料，合成了含氰基基团的生物质单体，采用无溶剂法合成了两种苯并嗪单体HN-fa和VN-fa。通过热分析（DSC）研究了氰基对苯并嗪开环聚合的影响。由于分子内氰基官能团的存在，HN-fa和VN-fa的固化峰值温度分别低至200和206℃，将单体热固化聚合制得poly（HN-fa）和poly（VN-fa），并对其热和阻燃性能进行了测试。制得的树脂具有优异的耐热性，poly（HN-fa）和poly（VN-fa）的玻璃化转变温度（T_g）分别高达247和189℃，此外poly（HN-fa）和poly（VN-fa）还具有优异的阻燃性能。研究结果表明，氰基的引入不仅可以降低树脂的固化温度，对于提高树脂的耐热性和阻燃性也有积极的影响。

关键词: 苯并嗪树脂, 生物质, 合成, 聚合, 制备

CLC Number:

TQ 322.4

Zhenghao FEI, Xiuzhi YANG, Zongtang LIU, Xinlong SHA. Preparation and heat resistance of cyanide-derived benzoxazine resins[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(10): 5486-5494.

费正皓, 杨秀芝, 刘总堂, 沙新龙. 氰基衍生苯并嗪树脂的制备及耐热性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(10): 5486-5494.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Synthetic routes to the benzoxazine monomers HN-fa and VN-fa

Fig.2 FTIR spectra of HN-fa and VN-fa

Fig.3 1H NMR spectra [(a), (b)], 13C NMR spectra [(c), (d)] and HRMS spectra [(e),(f)] of HN-fa and VN-fa

Fig.4 DSC curves of benzoxazines monomers under N2 atmosphere

Fig.5 FTIR spectra of poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa)

Fig.6 tanδ-temperature plots of poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa) from DMA tests

Table 1 Thermal stability and heat release properties of poly（HN-fa）， poly（VN-fa） and typical benzoxazine resins

样品	T_g/℃	T_di/℃	Y_C/%	HRC/(J·g^-1·K^-1)	THR/(kJ·g^-1)
poly(PH-a)	133	292	38	118	13.5
poly(GU-fa)	—	320	56	70.6	6.5
poly(HN-fa)	247	338	63.2	50.6	10.3
poly(VN-fa)	189	313	64.7	62.0	11.1
poly(V-fa)	—	293	56.1	132.2	6.9

Fig.7 TGA curves of poly(V-fa), poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa) under a N2 atmosphere

Fig.8 DTG curves of poly(V-fa), poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa)under a N2 atmosphere

Fig.9 Heat release rate for poly(V-fa), poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa)

Fig.10 Total heat release for poly(V-fa), poly(HN-fa) and poly(VN-fa)

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