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Table of Content
05 January 2011, Volume 30 Issue 1
    化工过程与装备
    Advances in fundamental study and application of chemical process intensification technology in China
    SUN Hongwei1,CHEN Jianfeng2
    2011, 30(1):  1. 
    Abstract ( 1721 )  
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    Chemical process intensification technology is regarded as an effective means to address the problems of “high consumption of energyhigh pollution and high consumption of raw materials” in chemical industryand is expected to bring significant innovations to the chemical industry. China has shown unique characteristics and advantages in chemical process intensification technology thanks to the fundamental research and technology development in this field for many years. This paper reviews advances in some typical chemical process intensification technologiessuch as high gravity technologymembrane process coupling technologymicrochemical technologymagnetically stabilized bed technologyplasma technologyionic liquidsupercritical fluid technologymicrowave technologyetc.

    Advance in technology for production of aromatic hydrocarbons
    KONG Dejin,YANG Weiming
    2011, 30(1):  16. 
    Abstract ( 1508 )  
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    The recent advance in technology for production of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as catalytic reforming, aromatics extraction, toluene disproportionation & transalkylation, xylene isomerization and p-xylene(PX) separation is reviewed. Meanwhile, the new technologies of combined reactions, combined separations, toluene methylation and light cycle oil to aromatatics are introduced. The prospects for future development of new technologies in aromatics production are also presented.

    Recent progress of micro- chemical,biological and thermal systems in China
    LI Hongliang,WEN Zhenzhong,LIN Ying,XIE Nan,YU Xinhai,LUAN Weiling,TU Shan-Tung
    2011, 30(1):  26. 
    Abstract ( 1055 )  
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    The recent progress of micro-, chemical, biological and thermal systems and micro-fabrication in China is reviewed. Due to the inherent miniaturization, and intensification of heat and mass transfer, micro-reactors have great potential in chemical reactions, such as liquid phase reactions, gas phase reactions and nano-scale particles synthesis. It is reasonable to apply the microreactor technology to some highly dangerous reactions or the reactions with the products that are costly or difficult to obtain by using conventional methods. Great progress has been made in applications of microfluidics in biological analysis and testing. Nevertheless, the size of analytical apparatuses remains more or less unchanged. Further miniaturization of the analytical apparatuses is of vital importance in practical applications. Although the great advance has been achieved in the fields of micro thermal systems, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the heat and mass transfer in the systems. With increasing interest and investment for micro-engineering, the fabrication technologies will surely be developed much faster than before. Standardization of these technologies will be needed in order to achieve commercialization. A new industrial sector can be expected with the application of micro- technology to high tech products.

    Research development of applications of nanotechnology in heat transfer enhancement
    ZHANG Zhengguo,YAN Zhipeng,FANG Xiaoming,FANG Yutang,GAO Xuenong
    2011, 30(1):  34. 
    Abstract ( 1658 )  
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    Heat transfer rate can be effectively enhanced by modifying the flow and thermal characteristics of the heat transfer fluid and the surface properties by applying nanotechnology. The progress of applications of nanofluidslatent-heat thermal fluids by using nano-encapsulation phase change materials and nano-coated surface in heat transfer enhancement are summarized. The mechansims of heat transfer enhancement for the different nanotechnologies are analyzedthe existing problems in these researches and the prospect of application are discussed.

    Integrated technology in large-scale distillation process
    LI Xingang1,2,XIE Baoguo3,WU Wei2,4,SUI Hong1,2,JIANG Bin1,2
    2011, 30(1):  40. 
    Abstract ( 961 )  
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    Distillation is one of important chemical separation processes. The scale-up of critical equipment is required by modern distillation technology. Many difficultiessuch as liquid-level gradientfluid distributiondeformation of column internals and long period operationgreatly affect the scaling of tower. To solve these problemscomputational fluid dynamicsCFD),mechanical analysis and process simulation technologytheoretical and technical research of column enlarging have been used by Tianjin Universityand the design and manufacture of large-scale distillation equipment are improved and successfully used in the ten million tons refinery and million tons ethylene project with good economic and social benefits. The key technologies on tower large scaling and their application are introduced in this paper by the description of an industrial case8 millions t/a vacuum distillation column.

    Analysis of domestic column internals industry
    XIE Runxing
    2011, 30(1):  47. 
    Abstract ( 1079 )  
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    Column internals industry is an auxiliary part of process industries and also affects the product qualityenergy consumptionoperation safety and wastes control. In the last 20 yearsdomestic column internals industry has got great development with higher design level and greater technology power. Meanwhile it also has experienced some difficulties and frustration. Step by stepChina will become the center of global column internals industry in the future. The current situation of domestic column internals industry is analyzed in terms of both market and technology so that a proper strategy could be found for its long-term development.

    Progress of carbon dioxide removal from the recycle gas of F-T synthesis
    WANG Xiangyun
    2011, 30(1):  52. 
    Abstract ( 1032 )  
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    In this paper, the recent developments and applications of technologies of carbon dioxide removal  from the recycle stream of F-T synthesis are reviewed. Because of complicate composition of reaction gas, the process of carbon dioxide removal requires less-loss of useful gasno side-reaction between solution and gasesand lower heat consumption. The new technologies of carbon dioxide removal from the recycle stream of F-T synthesis developed and applied by Research Institute of Nanjing Chemical Industry Group has the advantages of low hydrocarbon lossstable solutionlow heat consumption for solution desorption. The heat consumption for solution desorption is reduced by 30% than the conventional technology.

    Research and development of simulation for fluidization process
    WANG Weiwen,ZHOU Zhongtao,CHEN Guanghui,LI Jianlong
    2011, 30(1):  58. 
    Abstract ( 1214 )  
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    The progress of CFD simulation in gas-solids fluidized bed, based on Eulerian-Eulerian model and Eulerian-Lagrangian model, is reviewed. In addition, the numerical studies on the gas-solids fluidized bed with or without immersed tubes made by the Institute of Chemical Engineeringof Qingdao University of Science & Technology and devices developed in application are presented. Based on the simulation results, some improvements of the internal structure of fluidized bed for enhancement of mass and heat transfer are also proposed.

    Research advances in forward osmosis membrane separation
    SHI Renli,YANG Qingfeng
    2011, 30(1):  66. 
    Abstract ( 2382 )  
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    Forward osmosisFOis a concentration-driven membrane processin which water transports across a semi-permeable membrane from a dilute feed solution into a concentrated draw solution. The basic factors of FOdriving forcedraw solution and membrane materialsare introduced. The major hindrance to permeate water flux performance is the prevalence of concentration polarization on both sides of the membrane. Flux models that account for the presence of both internal and external concentration polarization for the two possible membrane orientations are presented. Internal concentration polarization is found to play a significant role in the reduction of driving force. This article comments the effect of membrane materialfeed solution concentrationand draw solution concentration on FO and pressure-retarded osmosisPROwater flux performance. In additionmembrane fouling as well as energy consumption of FO is evaluated.

    Advances in technology and method for promoting gas hydrate rapid formation
    Lü Qiunan,CHEN Zhaoyang,LI Xiaosen
    2011, 30(1):  74. 
    Abstract ( 959 )  
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    The rapid formation of gas hydrate is key to the application of gas hydrate technology in the fields of natural gas transportation and storagemixture gases separationwastewater treatmentcool storage by hydrateaqueous solutions concentrationetc. The gas hydrate formation mechanisms are introduced in this paper. And the methods and technologies on how to promote and accelerate the formation of gas hydrate are systematically summarized based on the latest research reports. The advantages and drawbacksas well as application prospect of each method proposed for accelerating hydrate formation are discussed and prospected.

    能源加工与技术
    Achieving a healthy development of coal-based chemicals and CTL in China
    CAO Xianghong
    2011, 30(1):  80. 
    Abstract ( 1223 )  
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    In view of the blind development of coal-based chemicals and coal-to-liquid in Chinathe author makes the following suggestions to achieve a scientific development of coal-based chemicals and CTL. Firstlyto stick to the principle of “Being in proportion and in order”. Secondlyto develop CTL instead of coal-based methanol ether fuels to produce coal-based vehicle fuels. Thirdlyto develop the coal-based petrochemicals and CTL by watching closely the international markets of crude oil and petrochemical products and analyzing carefully the market competitiveness of coal-based products. Fourthlyto actively promote creating a strong synergy in the form of joint investment by and between coal mining enterprises and petrochemical enterprises.

    Development and prospect of coal staged conversion poly-generation technology
    CEN Jianmeng,FANG Mengxiang,WANG Qinhui,LUO Zhongyang,CEN Kefa
    2011, 30(1):  88. 
    Abstract ( 1770 )  
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    Since the last decade of the 20th centurydue to the coal-dominated energy structureincreasing energy demand and the environment problems in Chinabuilding resourcesenergyenvironment integrated and sustainable development energy system is the direction of China’s energy strategy. Coal staged conversion poly-generation systemintegrating resourcesenergyand environment realizes overall optimality. The main three poly-generation technologiesincluding coal pyrolysis and combustion poly-generation technologycoal partial gasification poly-generation technology and coal gasification poly-generation technologyare presented in this paper. A steamelectricitycoal gas and tar poly-generation technology is introducedincluding detailed process of the poly-generation system and operating characteristics. Finallybased on the combined cycle poly-generation systemthe energy-conservation and emission-reduction of the system are evaluated. The result shows that the power plant using coal staged conversion combined cycle poly-generationis much more economical and energy-conserving than the traditional power plant.

    Development of residuum hydroprocessing technologies
    FANG Xiangchen
    2011, 30(1):  95. 
    Abstract ( 2202 )  
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    Driven by inferior crude oil supply and strict product specificationsresiduum hydroprocess is gradually becoming a major upgrading process and being quickly developed. The development statusits application characteristics and its development trend are discussed. It is believed from the application viewpoint that the fix bed process will still be the major selection by the industrybut how to process more inferior feedstock and extend its on-through time are the technical problems to be resolved. The ebullated bed process has very good application future and can be a good combination method with fix bed process if its high investment and operating difficulties can be resolved. The slurry bed process has its unique advantages while treating the ultra heavy crude.

    Crude oil supply security in China
    LI Xiuxi,JI Shiming,HUANG Yacai,QIAN Yu
    2011, 30(1):  105. 
    Abstract ( 1161 )  
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    Petroleum is an important resource. Crude oil supply security is highly significant for the national economic development. The situation of China’s crude oil supply security is analyzed in detail with seven indicators. The analysis result shows that China’s crude oil supply security situation is at risk.

    Technological progress of synthetic natural gas
    YANG Bolun1,LI Xingxing1,YI Chunhai1,JIANG Xuedong1,ZHANG Yong2,ZHOU Xiaoqi2
    2011, 30(1):  110. 
    Abstract ( 1849 )  
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    Technological progress of synthetic natural gasSNGis reviewedmainly including direct synthesis from coalindirect synthesis from syngasmethanation of carbon dioxidesynthesis from biomass and coke oven gas. The characteristics and the corresponding equipments for these technologies are discussed. By comparing their economical efficiencies and applicabilitiesthe development of the synthetic natural gas technologies is prospected.

    Advance in biorefinery technology
    TAN Tianwei,YU Jianliang,ZHANG Xu
    2011, 30(1):  117. 
    Abstract ( 1467 )  
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    Biorefinery that utilizes renewable biomass for production of fuelschemicals and bio-materials has become more and more important in chemical industry than ever before. Biotechnological platforms and thermochemical platforms are developed to transfer the efficiency and logic of fossil-based chemistry and petroleum refinery as well as energy production onto the renewable biomass industry. This article presents the up-to-date development of biorefinery in technologies and applications from the aspects of renewable feedstocksbioconversion technologiesand thermochemical technologies. Future perspectives are discussed.

    A review on researches on biodiesels production and their properties
    LU Houfang 1,SHI Guoqiang2,LIU Yingying1,LIANG Bin 1
    2011, 30(1):  126. 
    Abstract ( 1511 )  
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    The progress in the production, properties measurement and application of biodiesel from different available feedstocks is reviewed. The most recent researches on cost cutting, energy saving and environment-friendly technologies for biodiesel production are presented. Use of non-edible oil as feedstock of biodiesel, and direct utilization of raw oil and waste oil are the problems to be resolved. Solid catalyst, supercritical and subcritical transesterification are key issues of R&D. Formarket application of biodiesel, it is a pre-requisite to build a complete database of physicochemical properties, storage, transportation, combustion, compatibility of biodiesel from different feedstocks as well as their blends with petro-diesel.

    Progress of cellulose ethanol research & development
    HU Xuteng
    2011, 30(1):  137. 
    Abstract ( 1290 )  
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    Cellulose ethanol has become a priority of research with a bright future. It may become one of the most important renewable energy sources in the future.  Cellulose ethanol research & development is reviewed, and the development history and the latest worldwide progress of cellulose ethanol research & development are summarized. The difficulties and problems in current cellulose ethanol commercialization are analyzed. The directions of research & development are presented.

    Chemical engineering analysis of fuel ethanol process
    YUE Guojun1,DONG Hongxing2,LIU Wenxin3,YANG Xiaoguang2,ZHANG Jin2,TANG Jinyong2
    2011, 30(1):  144. 
    Abstract ( 1342 )  
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    This paper introduces the progress of fermentation dynamics and ethanol separationand discusses the fermentation and separation process in fuel ethanol industry from the standpoint of chemical engineering. The fluid dynamicsheat transfermass transfer are coupled with fermentation reactionwhich affects fuel ethanol process. Using the theories and methods of chemical engineering to study fuel ethanol bio-reactionscale-up and process innovation will be a main trend of this field.

    工业催化
    Research progress of non-precious metal oxygen reduction catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells
    MA Zifeng,ZHANG Huijuan,YUAN Xianxia,JIANG Qizhong
    2011, 30(1):  150. 
    Abstract ( 1674 )  
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    In recent yearsnon-precious metal oxygen reduction catalysts have gained particular interest for low temperature fuel cells. This paper presents the research progress of non-precious metal oxygen reduction catalysts developed by Institute of Electrochemical and Energy Technology in Shanghai Jiao Tong University with focus on the effort to improve the activity and durability of the catalyststo decrease cost of the catalystsand to develop novel non-precious metal catalysts. The urgent problems and future research focuses for non-precious metal oxygen reduction catalysts are also proposed.

    Advances in preparative technique research used in magnesium alcohol polypropylene catalyst system
    XU Xiudong1,2,MAO Bingquan2,TAN Zhong2,XIA Xianzhi2
    2011, 30(1):  155. 
    Abstract ( 1360 )  
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    The development of Ziegler-Natta catalyst is presented. Magnesium alcohol system catalyst has many meritssuch as perfect particle formhigh activitysensitive hydrogen adjustmentlow catalyst preparation costand can be used in various polymerization processes like gas-phase polymerization and spheripol preparation. The current research of magnesium alcohol system catalysts is reviewed in terms of catalyst activitypolymer bulk densitystereospecificity and particle form. The researcher could improve catalyst performance by studying carrier preparationelectronic donor type and preparation process.

    Research progress of catalysts for higher-alcohol synthesis from syngas
    SHI Limin1,CHU Wei2,LIU Zengchao1
    2011, 30(1):  162. 
    Abstract ( 1366 )  
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    The catalytic conversion for higher alcohols from syngasCO+H2has been investigated extensively in the field of energy and chemical engineering during the past decades. Catalyst design with high selectivityactivity and excellent stability is extremely important for the process of higher-alcohol synthesis. In this paperthe extensively investigated catalytic systems for higher-alcohol synthesis including modified methanol catalystsCu-Co based and MoS2-based catalysts are reviewed and the research progress is summarized. The advantages and main problems of the catalysts were analyzed. Combined with the up-to-date achievementsthe possible near future directions of higher-alcohol synthesis catalysts are outlined.

    材料科学与技术
    Progress of development of smart membrane materials
    CHU Liangyin,XIE Rui,JU Xiaojie
    2011, 30(1):  167. 
    Abstract ( 1195 )  
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    Smart membraneswhich are able to respond to environmental physical and chemical stimuliare important achievements in the field of biomimetic functional membranes and are attracting much attention all over the world.  In this paperthe progress of the development of smart membrane materials are reviewedand especially thermo-responsivepH-responsivephoto-responsivemolecular-recognition-responsive and glucose-responsive membranes are introduced.

    Technology progress of polyarglycolic acid on coal based
    CHEN Qun,XU Ping,CUI Aijun
    2011, 30(1):  172. 
    Abstract ( 1197 )  
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    In this paperthe importance of developing polyglycolic acidPGAproduct is presented in light of the progress of coal chemical industry. The barrier propertymachining performancebiodegradationwide use and commercialization of PGA are introduced. Various preparation methods about polyglycolic acid resin are compared according to literatureand two synthesis routes of direct polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization are discussed with respect to catalysts and polymerization conditionsand several modification methods of PGA applications are also reviewed. Furthermoreregarding the development trend of new PGA materials in Chinathe attractive future in this field is prospected.

    Resent research progress of star polymers
    SONG Wenqi,LIU Yuyang
    2011, 30(1):  181. 
    Abstract ( 1382 )  
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    Star polymers are nonlinear polymers which have widespread theoretical significance and industrial applicationand have become a research focus in polymer field owing to their unique structuremorphologyand functionality. The recent progress of homo-arm star polymershetero-arm star polymers and dendrimer or hyperbranched star polymers is reviewed.

    Research advances in Li1+xV3O8 for lithium ion batteries
    LIU Li1,JIAO Lifang2,YUAN Huatang2,WANG Xianyou1
    2011, 30(1):  189. 
    Abstract ( 1355 )  
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    Li1+xV3O8 is an important electrode material for lithium ion batterieswhich can be used as cathode material for traditional lithium ion batteries and anode material for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries. It has been researched extensively as cathode material for traditional lithium ion batteries. Besides thisthe application of Li1+xV3O8 anode material in aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries has attracted much attention. The research advances in Li1+xV3O8 as active material for traditional lithium ion batteries and aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries are reviewed. The development trends of Li1+xV3O8 are pointed out.

    生物化工
    Research progrss of competition and control between PAOs and GAOs for different cabon sources
    FENG Cuijie,WANG Shumei,CHEN Shaohua
    2011, 30(1):  196. 
    Abstract ( 1463 )  
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    Principles for enhanced biological phosphorus removal and metabolism mechanism of polyphosphate accumulating organismsPAOs& glycogen accumulating organismsGAOsare introduced in this paper. The effects of different carbon sources on competitions between GAOs and PAOs are discussedand changes of phosphate removal efficiency and the microbial community are analyzed based on the recent researches. Furthermoresome measures are put forward to resolve the problem of  PAOs-GAOs competition.

    精细化工
    Research progress of antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives
    LI Mingchun,XU Tao,XIN Meihua
    2011, 30(1):  203. 
    Abstract ( 1389 )  
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    Chitasan and its derivatives are noted for non-toxicitybiodegradabilitybiocompatibility and antibacterial activity. But poor solubility of chitosan limits its application. Modification of chitosan is an effective way to enhance its water solubility and antibacterial activity. The studies on antimicrobial activity of chitosan and its derivatives in recent years are reviewed. The antibacterial mechanism and factors that affect the antibacterial activity are discussed.

    Developments of organic phosphorus flame retardant industry in China
    OU Yuxiang
    2011, 30(1):  210. 
    Abstract ( 1634 )  
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    The author predicts the flame retardantFRmarketing in the coming five yearslooks back and ahead for the non-halogenation of flame retardancyand compares the advantages and disadvantages of bromine FRBFRand phosphorus FRPFR. Futhermoreopportunities and chanllenges for developing organic PFROPFRare discussedand the recent progress of OPFR industry is reviewed. In additionthe author analyzes China’s favorable situation in the development of OPFRand put forward his suggestions in this aspect.

    资源与环境工程
    Opportunities and challenges of carbon dioxide utilization as a resource
    WEI Wei1,SUN Yuhan1,3,WEN Xia1,SUN Nannan1,2
    2011, 30(1):  216. 
    Abstract ( 1600 )  
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    With the increasing reliance on fossil fuelsthe CO2 emission issue is not only an environmental problembut also a problem of international relationship and human life. As a resourceCO2 can be converted to valuable productsand this is very promising pathways for CO2 mitigation. In the present paperthe advance in chemical utilization of CO2 is reviewed based on the research works of the authors’ group.

    Influence factors of coking wastewater components and pollution control
    WEI Chaohai1,ZHU Jialiang1,WU Chaofei1,WU Haizhen2,LU Bin3,LI Guobao4,CHEN Jingui4
    2011, 30(1):  225. 
    Abstract ( 1544 )  
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    On the basis of the data of 38 coking plantsthe technical development of coking process is reviewed. The effluents of coking wastewater with respect to the size of coke oventhe process of coke quenching and the proportion of caking coal are compared. The changes in composition of coking wastewater with respect to the recovery of chemical productslocal coal quality and management level are analyzed. The influence factors of coking wastewater composition are identified. Development of new coking technologycombined with the intensification and integration of unit processesis an effective way to control industrial pollution with the purpose of cleaner production and resource recycling.

    Impact of discharges in seawater desalination on marine environment and progress of zero liquid discharge
    MA Xuehu,LAN Zhong,WANG Sifang,LI Lu
    2011, 30(1):  233. 
    Abstract ( 1738 )  
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    The principles and methods of seawater desalination and water treatment as well as their application progress are presented. The impact of discharged concentrated brine from seawater desalination plant is highlighted. The discharge can lead to substantial increase in salinity and temperatureand accumulation of metalshydrocarbons and toxic anti-fouling compounds in receiving waters. The potential impacts of the concentrated brine compositionsalinityheat contaminationcorrosion products and chemical additives are summarized. Measures to avoid adverse effects are also discussed. Zero liquid dischargeZLDis an effective way for sustainable seawater desalination.