Olefins are important platform chemicals，which support the development of other organic chemical products. From the point of views of energy security and resource reserves，development of coal-based olefins production is important for sustainable development of Chinese chemical industry. The methanol to olefins process based on coal gasification is in rapid development. This paper reviews major processes of oil to olefins (OTO) and coal to olefins (CTO)，compares the two processes from the aspects of feedstock price，technology，and applications，respectively. The results show that the CTO process is more competitive against the OTO process in raw material price，but it needs further improvement in overall technology and process integration.

Membrane-based liquid desiccant air dehumidification technology is an effective method to overcome the problem of solution droplets cross-over encountered in traditional packing towers used for liquid desiccant air dehumidification. Semi-permeable membranes，which have been used to separate the liquid desiccant from the process air，prevents the permeation of unwanted gases and liquid desiccant from penetration，while selectively allows the permeation of water vapor. The commonly used membrane materials and modules employed in dehumidifiers were introduced in this paper. The mathematical models of the conjugate heat mass transfer in the membrane modules were reviewed. The future trends of development of the membrane-based liquid dehumidifier were presented. The moisture transfer resistance through the membranes should be improved to avoid liquid solution leaks. The obtained fundamental data of the fluid flow and heat mass transfer in the membrane dehumidifiers are useful for future module design and system optimization. Adding fins and cooling coils or using elliptical hollow fiber membrane tubes could help to improve the air dehumidification performance of the dehumidifiers.

This paper established the different working states，different thickness and different channel of natural rubber drying models，and simulated the flow conditions of the gas using Fluent software. According to the surface pressure difference of the natural rubber and the vertical speed distribution of the center plane，the corresponding models of air distribution uniformity were analyzed. The results showed that in the rectangle runner model，the surface pressure difference along the flow direction increased gradually，resulting in an uneven distribution of the flow through the rubber layer. With greater gas flow and longer drying time，the air distribution uniformity became more obvious. In the trapezoidal runner model，the fluid distribution was basically consistent with different layer thickness，With the maximum slope gradient，the flow uniformity reached the best condition. At certain drying state，if the two paragraphs cants of combination model were placed reasonably，the airflow uniformity could be further improved. The overall airflow distribution uniformity was better in the trapezoidal model.

With the effective factors of flow distribution characteristics of the combined swirl feeding spray nozzle，test schemes were established using the orthogonal experiment design (OED)，and the Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) was used to determine the liquid drop size，one of the most deceive parts in the flow distribution characteristics. Range analysis and variance analysis of numerical results showed that the different cyclones combination form had biggest impact on the liquid drop size. The mass flow rate of water played a more important role than the structure of nozzle dose. In addition，the interaction of cyclones distribution combination form with structure of nozzle should not be ignored.

In order to get a method for predicting the flow boiling heat transfer in mini-channels，2924 experimental data of flow boiling in mini-channels from 9 literatures were analyzed. As the tube diameter decreases，the surface tension rather than the buoyancy affects the two phase flow and heat transfer. The enhancement factor of convective evaporation and suppression factor of nucleate boiling of Chen-type correlation were optimized. The non-dimensional number vapor Weber number，two-phase Reynolds number，boiling number and confinement number were used to express the effects of surface tension，diameter，flow conditions and heat flux. A new model was presented to predict the heat transfer coefficient of pre-dryout in mini-channels. A mean absolute deviation of 19.0% was achieved with this new correlation.

EVA38 membrane and EVA38/Tween20 gel membranes were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The physical and chemical structures and gas permeation properties for the gel membranes were investigated as a function of Tween20 content. The results showed a good compatibility of EVA38 polymer with Tween20. With the addition of Tween20，the crystallinity and melting temperature of the membrane decreased obviously while the flexibility were improved remarkably，resulting in a dramatic increase in permeability coefficients for both CO2 and N2. Meanwhile，the ideal selectivity of CO2/N2 increased since the ethylene oxide groups in Tween20 have a strong affinity to CO2. As Tween20 loading increased from 0 to 100% (compared with the amount of EVA38)，the CO2 permeability coefficient of the gel membranes increased from 89.5 to 285 barrer，the CO2/N2 ideal selectivity increased from 14.92 to 19.13.

The properties and reaction kinetics of straw catalytic pyrolysis were investigated using thermogravimetric method. Matching computation was carried out to analyze catalytic pyrolysis of straw with the Coats-Redfern method，through which the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factors of straw pyrolysis with different catalysts were obtained. The initial temperature and final temperature of straw pyrolysis rose after acid-washing. The pyrolysis curve moved to the higher temperature region because of decreasing straw pyrolysis reaction activity. But when metal salts were added to straw，the pyrolysis curve moved to the lower temperature region because of increasing straw pyrolysis reaction activity. The results indicated that the pyrolysis reaction was enhanced by metal salts. The apparent activation energy of acid-washed straw pyrolysis increased. But the apparent activation energy of straw pyrolysis with potassium，calcium and magnesium ions decreased obviously. The larger the ratio of metal ions，the lower the apparent activation energy of straw pyrolysis.

Challenges facing global refining industry include growing oil demand，inferior crude oil supply，strict product specifications and unconventional oil utilization. Residuum hydroprocessing technologies are crucial to realize clean and efficient conversion of residuum，and have become a major upgrading process in the refineries to meet the challenges. The development status and future trend of fixed bed，ebullated bed and slurry bed processes are discussed. The residuum fixed bed hydrotreating-fluid catalytic cracking combined technology would be the key developing process in the medium term and long term. The ebullated bed technology should resolve the problems of high investment and operating difficulties. The slurry bed technology has its unique advantage，and also great potential for future development.

The technology of Methanol-to-Gasoline can alleviate the shortage of domestic oil and the overcapacity of methanol production. This paper was aimed to introduce the process of Methanol-to-Gasoline，including fixed bed and fluidized bed technology. The technology features were described briefly. Present situation of catalyst was introduced. The effect of alkali treatment and metal modification on the structure and catalytic properties of ZSM-5 was highlighted. The development goal of Methanol-to-Gasoline catalyst is to obtain higher specific surface area and higher stability. The reasons for deactivation of the catalyst and catalytic mechanism of Methanol-to-Gasoline were also discussed.

This reivew briefly introduced the concept of the solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T)，its operation theory and classification，summarized research progresses on PV/T collectors’ structures and operating parameters analyzed PV/T-water，PV/T-refrigerant and PV/T-heat pipe，and described the common approaches of performance and economic evaluation. This review also identified the existing problems，such as complicated structures，medium leaking，large intial investment，and lack of studies of long-term dynamic performance. Further optimizations of current PV/T collectors’ structures and development of new PV/T collectors are needed for future applications of this technology.

A new technology of high intensity focused ultrasound was used to study the emulsion of water-in-diesel. The surfactants Span80 and Tween80 were chosen. The mass fraction of surfactant and water were 0.9% and 9% respectively. The result showed that spherical focused ultrasound setup could not only provide high energy，but also induce intensive cavitation and stir. The using of high speed photography technology showed that cavitation and interfacial instability also were the main principle of this kind of emulsification. The optimum HLB was 5.4 and the optimum input power was 950W. Insonation time 300s could produce fine emulsions. With optimum HLB value 5.4，water could be well-distributed in diesel and the droplet size was as low as 0.5μm. The stabilization time of the emulsion could be more than six months. Compared with using insonation equipment with sonotrode and magnetic stirrer methods，the spherical focused ultrasound setup was better both in effect and efficiency. This setup provided a novel and significant method for water-in-diesel emulsification.

The co-gasification characteristics of pine sawdust and lignite with air and steam as fluidizing agent was investigated in a fluidized bed. The effects of pine sawdust blending ratio，equivalence ratio (ER)，and steam/fuel ratio (S/F) on the composition and low heating valve (LHV) of fuel gas，gasification efficiency and carbon conversion rate were studied at 828℃ to 928℃. The test results showed that when blending ratio of pine sawdust was 50%，with ER increased from 0.2 to 0.35，the volume concentration of CO2 increased and concentrations of H2，CO，CH4，CnHm decreased. The LHV of fuel gas，gasification efficiency and carbon conversion rate increased at first，then decreased. The volume concentration of CO2 increased with increasing S/F，the volume concentration of CH4 and CnHm decreased. And the concentrations of H2，CO，LHV of fuel gas，gasification efficiency and carbon conversion rate increased at first，then decreased. In this experiment，the maximum LHV of fuel gas reached 7819 kJ/m3 when pine sawdust blending ratio was 50%.

Selectively catalytic hydrogenolysis of biomass derived polyols (sorbitol，xylitol and glycerol) to small molecular diols (glycol and 1,2-/1,3-propanediols) has attracted more and more attention due to the wide application of these small molecular diols in fine and organic chemical，biology and pharmaceutical industries. Compared to the multi-stepped transformation of fossil based ethylene and propylene feedstocks，selective hydrogenolysis of biomass derived polyols to small molecular diols shows higher efficiency，simpler processing and more friendly to environment. This review is focused on the catalyst and reaction mechanism of selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-/1,3-propanediols and selective hydrogenolysis of sorbitol and xylitol to small molecular diols. The perspective of efficient catalyst and process for producing small molecular diols by hydrogenolysis of biomass derived polyols is discussed.

In this paper，the recent progress in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using different titania-based photocatalysts，including pure titania，metal-doped titania，nonmetal-doped titania，co-doped titania，titania-based nanocomposites，organic photosensitizer modified titania and other titania photocatalys were introduced. Then the phtocatalytic activities of these catalysts were compared；the advantages and machanisms of them were addressed；and the effects of photocatalytic reactors and experimental conditions，such as irradiation time，reaction temperature，CO2 pressure and mole ratio of H2O to CO2 on the activities of titania-based catalysts，were discussed. Through the joint use of several modified measures and the optimization of reaction system，the improvement of photocatalytic reaction activity and utilization of light would be the development trend and focus of future research. Challenges and potential application prospects of photocatalytic reduction of industrial flue gas，especially oxyfuel combustion flue gas，were presented.

Core-shell structured catalyst is recognized as a promising catalyst for large scale commercialization of PEM fuel cells，as it can significantly enhance the utilization of precious platinum，reduce the amount of platinum catalyst used and sharply save the cost of fuel cells. Investigation on core-shell structured catalyst is becoming one of the hottest topics in fuel cell field. This paper is aimed to introduce the latest developments and achievements on the design，preparation technology，and investigations on the effects of core composition and structure on the performance of core-shell structured catalyst，as well as the latest development of characterization techniques for core-shell structure. Furthermore，prospects for the development of new preparation technology and the application of this type catalyst are discussed. Research directions are suggested to advance the future works in this field，i.e.，it is expected to achieve the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the development or improvement of the preparation process of the core-shell structured catalysts with controllability on morphology，high activity and low Pt platinum loading.

Two presulfurization technologies for hydrogenation catalyst are introduced. One is in-situ presulfurization technology，and the other is ex-situ presulfurization technology. The catalyst presulfurization reaction principle is expounded，and the vulcanizing agent is compared. The characteristics of dry sulfurization and wet sulfurization technologies are discussed，i.e.，dry sulfurization technology is mainly applied to high contain molecular sieve in hydrogenation catalyst，and wet sulfurization technology is mainly applied to hydrotreating catalyst. By comparing in-situ presulfurization and ex-situ presulfurization technology，research status on ex-situ presulfurization technology is summarized，i.e.，ex-situ presulfurization technology needs short starting period and leads less environment pollution，and it will replace existing presulfurization technology gradually and become a main presulfurization technology for hydrogenation catalyst. Ex-site presulfurization technology will be the focus of technical development for hydrogenation catalyst in the future.

Hierarchical zeolites has been widely investigated due to its high hydrothermal stability，favorable acidity，and its advantage in mass transfer that facilitates guest molecules to access the interior active sites of a catalyst. In this review，the application of hierarchical zeolites on aromatic hydrocarbon alkylation reaction is described and discussed in detail，especially with respect to the alkylation involving bulky molecules. At the same time，the promoting effects of hierarchical pores on catalytic activity，selectivity and stability are explained in terms of molecular diffusion and accessibility. There is a good research prospect for preparing highly ordered mesoporous zeolites and further studying the acidity of hierarchical zeolites to find the relationship between acidity，pore structure and catalytic performance.

The catalytic behavior of hydrotalcite-like catalysts for the synthesis of dipropyl carbonates (DPC) by the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with propanol was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)，FT-IR spectroscopy，and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET). Effects of the molar ratio of Mg to Al，calcinatory temperature，catalyst dosage and reaction conditions on the catalytic activity were investigated in detail and the optimized reaction condition was found. With the conditions of the molar ratio of Mg to Al 2∶1，the calcinatory temperature 500 ℃，the reaction temperature 90 ℃，the reaction time 5 h，molar ratio of DMC to propanol 1∶3 and catalyst content 1%，the yield of DPC 46.87% was achieved.

It is necessary to modify polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) before using it as separation membrane because of its excessive swelling. In this paper，modification methods of PVA are reviewed，including crosslinking，grafting，blending，hybridization and substitution；their advantages and disadvantages are listed；and some comments are given for problems in modification methods. The application of modified PVA membrane is presented in detail. The development and application of PVA pervaporation membrane with excellent hydrophilicity and PVA membrane with high conductivity and low methanol permeability for fuel cell are prospected，respectively.

Various carbonyl reagents and catalysts employed in the synthesis of dialkyl hexamethylene-1,6-diyldicarbamate (HDC) were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of carbonyl reagents such as CO，CO2，dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and alkyl carbamate in the synthesis of HDC were analyzed systematically. The low toxicity，high activity and wide raw material sources make alkyl carbamate the most industrialized carbonyl reagent for HDC synthesis. The catalysts for the preparation of HDC from dimethyl carbonate and alkyl carbamate were introduced，classified，reviewed and summarized in the aim of providing a guide for the development of efficient catalyst for HDC synthesis. Preparation of cheap，easy recovered and recyclable environmentally friendly catalyst would be the key to promote the industrialization of HDC synthesis.

Hyperbranched polyurethane is a novel functional resin. As a coating film-forming substance，UV-curable hyperbranched polyurethane acrylic resin possesses faster curing speed，better coating performance and less environment pollution，and shows a practical significance in preparing environmentally friendly，high-performance products and modifying common UV-curable resin. This review is aimed to systematically summarize the synthesis methods，curing kinetics and curing rheological behavior of UV-curable hyperbranched polyurethane acrylic resin both at home and abroad. The application of UV-curable hyperbranched polyurethane acrylic resin in the improvement of coatings mechanical properties and damping properties is introduced. The prospect for fundamental research and related product development is also discussed.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) were modified by 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The modified MCNTs were characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectral. The results show that the structure of modified carbon nanotubes were unchanged. The mechanism of NO adsorption-desorption of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was studied by TG-MS. The adsorption isothermal curve by TG indicated that the adsorption of capacity of amide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes are 3 times higher than that of unmodified multi-walled carbon nanotubes under certain temperature condition. The desorption isothermal curve by TG-DTG showed that NO desorption of modified carbon nanotubes has more temperature points. At the same time，the result of the situ MS confirms this conclusion. Moreover the effect of temperature on adsorption property was studied. The result indicated that temperature has a great influence on adsorption capability. The best temperature of amide-multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 100℃ for NO adsorption.

The preparation of nano-Fe3O4 using pyrite cinder can turn waste into wealth，and eliminate environmental pollution at the same time. Nano-Fe3O4 was prepared by the hydrothermal- thermolysis method in the presence of triethanolamine using the leachate from leaching pyrite cinders with different acids. The effects of leaching concentration of acids，concentrations of the leachate and triethanolamine，reaction temperature and time were discussed. The structure and morphology of the prepared nano-Fe3O4 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)，transmission electron microscopy (TEM)，laser particle size and Zeta potential analyzer. The results showed that nano-spherical Fe3O4 with particle size of 20—60 nm could be prepared by reaction for 2h at 200℃ with Fe2(SO4)3 concentration of the leachate 0.08 mol/L and concentration of triethanolamine 42.8% (V/V). The experiment provided a method for comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinder.

Arachidonic acid，which is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid in human nutrition，generally exists in the form of triglyceride. It has got more and more attention in food，medicine and other fields. At present，the main sources of arachidonic acid is from fermentation by the fungus of Mortierella alpina. The control of mycelia morphology plays a vital role in the whole fermentation process. In this review，the influence factors including nitrogen source，consumed carbon to nitrogen ratio，amino acid，mineral addition and dissolved oxygen on the fungus morphology were summarized. Some efficient morphology control strategies for arachidonic acid production by the fungus were presented. Future research should be focused on exploring the effect on morphology of M. alpina by many other factors，and establishing the relationship between morphology parameters and yield of arachidonic acid，which would guide the accurate control of morphology in industrial fermentation process.

Naringin is the principal factor which bitters the taste of grapefruit juice. Naringin could be hydrolyzed by naringinase into prunin，rhamnose，glucose，and naringenin，which have wide applications in the pharmaceutical and beverage industry. This paper provides an overview of the studies on microbial origin naringinase，purification，characterization and determination of enzyme activity as well as protein structure and function. The optimum temperature of naringinase from bacteria is from 37 ℃ to 70 ℃ while the optimal pH is in the range of 4.5 to 8.0; the optimum temperature of naringinase from fungal is from 30 ℃ to 75 ℃ while the optimal pH is in the range of 4.0 to 11.0. The applications of naringinase and its various products in food，beverage，and pharmaceutical are also presented，showing that naringinase could not only debitter the fruit juice but also play an important role in human health. In addition，the development trends and potential applications of naringinase are also prospected. The research emphasis should be placed on screening ideal microbe strains and fermentation process optimization to enhance naringinase.

Thymidine phosphorylase plays a critical role in synthesis of nucleosides. In this study，fermentation medium of Lactobacillus brevis for producing thymidine phosphorylase was optimized. Firstly，three factors of fermentation time (P=0.032)，inoculum size (P=0.037) and glucose concentrations (P=0.022) significantly affected thymidine phosphorylase were identified by Plackett-Burman experiment. Then，the three factors were further optimized through steepest ascent path approaching the maximum response region and response surface central composite design (CCD). The optimal fermentation medium were as follows ：initial pH 8.0，glucose 18 g/L，yeast extract 15 g/L，NaCl 7.5 g/L，peptone 10 g/L，thymidine 15mmol/L. Culture conditions were as follows ：rotating speed 110r/min，temperature 38 ℃，fermentation time 10.57 h，inoculum size 1.54%. Under optimum conditions，the capacity of Lactobacillus brevis to produce thymidine phosphorylase was greatly improved，thymidine phosphorylase activity reached 1.172 U/mg wet bacteria which was increased by 2.93 times more than that before optimization. Protein gel electrophoresis showed that thymidine phosphorylase content per gram wet bacteria with optimized fermentation medium was obviously higher than that before optimization.

Biological conversion of citral to geraniol was studied using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CCZU-G5 as fermentation strain. The effects of culture time，co-substrate concentration，initial substrate concentration，cell quantity and the reaction time on selective hydrogenation of citral to geraniol were investigated to determine the optimal fermentation conditions. The results showed that after 28 h culturing，yeast cells reached the end of the logarithmic growth phase，in which the quantity and activity of the cells were at a high level. In the process of biological conversion，the optimal fermentation conditions were as follows：glucose concentration 40 g/L，initial citral concentration 4 g/L，yeast cell concentration 0.4 g/mL and reaction time 22 h. Under these conditions，citral conversion and geraniol selectivity reached 88.6% and 95.2%，respectively. The study lays the foundation for commercialized biosynthesis of geraniol.

(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid (AHPBA) is a key intermediate for preparing aminopeptidase N inhibitors，such as Bestatin，Phebestin and Probestin. Different synthetic routes，such as amino acid protocols ( D-phenylalanine，L-aspartic acid，malate diester)，organometallic methods (bifunctional aluminum complex)，acetophenone methods，enzyme routes (lipase and whole-cell enzyme)，and other approaches for preparing AHPBA are reviewed and analyzed. By comparison，organometallic catalysis，enzyme routes and acetophenone methods are superior in low-cost，mild condition，simple procedure with potential application for commercialization. The future development of this specific area will be focused on optimization and improvement of the reported routes.

Sucrose-6-acetate was synthesized from sucrose through monogroup protection. Vilsmeier reagent was prepared from triphosgene and DMF. The process to chlorinate sucrose-6-acetate with Vilsmeier reagent for sucralose-6-acetate would not bring about pollution. Structure of sucralose-6-acetate was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR. In this study, the effects of molar ratio of raw materials, heating time and the kind of acid scavengers on the yield were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum condition of second acetalization reaction was mass ratio of water, trimethyl orthoacetate and p-toluenesulfonic acid 10.0∶3.5∶0.06. The optimum condition of chlorination was molar ration of triphosgene and sucrose-6-ethyl 5∶1. Heating temperature was divided into 3 steps，70 ℃ in 2hrs，90 ℃ in 2 hrs and 110 ℃ in 3 hrs, which was in favor of the chlorination with pyridine as acid scavengers. The yield was 57.3% under above condition.

2-methyl benzimidazole，an important medicine and dye intermediate，was synthesized under microwave irradiation using diaminobenzene and acetic acid as raw materials and catalyzed by 001 H resin. The effects of microwave power，reaction time，mass ratio of raw materials，dose of resin and the reusage of 001 H resin on the yield of 2-methyl benzimidazole were investigated by single factor experiment. The results showed that the highest yield reached 84.8% under the optimum reaction conditions：microwave power 455 W，001 H resin 0.5 g，reaction time 30 min，diaminobenzene 1.08 g，and acetic acid 3.24 g. The study on the reusage of 001 H resin indicated that the yield of 2-methyl benzimidazole decreased from 84.8% to 66.7% after 001 H resin was used for three times. Compared with the traditional synthesis methods of 2-methyl benzimidazole，the method in this work has many advantages，such as higher yield，simpler process and less environmental pollution，but poor reusage of 001 H resin，which needs further research.

Treatment and disposal of municipal sewage sludge is one of the hot issues in recent years，and the potential utilization of sludge as energy is gradually attracting the attention of researchers. On the basis of introduction of sludge composition and properties，the main technologies and methods of utilization of sludge as energy were summarized，including anaerobic digestion，pyrolysis，gasification，combustion，microbial fuel cells and so on. In this paper each technology or method was discussed in the aspects of its principle，process，products and pollution control. The process of combustion and co-combustion can provide a way to realize energy conversion directly and has been promoted and applied nowadays. But it has the disadvantages of high costs and subsequent problems such as pollution gases and ash disposal during the process. Secondary pollution such as pollution gas emission can be avoided using gasification and pyrolysis，but the process and equipment are relatively complicated，preventing their industrial applications. Anaerobic digestion and microbial fuel cell technologies can achieve not only sludge reduction，but also energy production through the action of microorganisms，and they seem to be the likely direction of utilizing sludge as energy.

To deal with the problems of foam formation arising from the process of sewage treatment，this paper reviewed the influencing factors of anaerobic digestion foaming，and explained the effects of surfactant，filamentous fungus，temperature，organic loading，mixing manners and the configuration of digesters on the formation of foam in anaerobic digester. The accumulation of surfactant，excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria，temperature fluctuations，high organic loading，poor mixing and different digester configurations，could induce anaerobic digestion foaming. In order to prevent and control the foaming in anaerobic digester，some practical measures and the future research prospects were discussed. Monitoring temperature，organic loading and mixing efficiency，reducing temperature fluctuations and the accumulation of surfactant，and keeping digesters mixed adequately，could contribute to the control of anaerobic bubble formation，improve efficiency of anaerobic digestion process and reduce cost of anaerobic processing technology. In addition，further investigation on mechanism of anaerobic digestion foaming，the interactions among the influencing factors，and research of new configuration digesters，are important theoretically and practically.

The deodorization experiment of hydrogen sulfide（H2S）was carried out continuously using bio-trickling filter A inoculating sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and bio-trickling filter B inoculating activated sludge in order to solve the odor pollution. The two bioreactors were operated for more than four months to investigate the effects of inlet concentration，shock loading and consuming quantity of nitrogen on the removal efficiency of H2S. Pressure drops of the bio-trickling filters were also compared before and after the experiment. The results suggested that removal efficiency of the bio-trickling filter A was nearly 100% when inlet concentration of H2S was lower than 600 mg/m3 and the corresponding inlet loading was lower than 113.33 g/(m3?h). Removal efficiency of the bio-trickling filter B was nearly 100% when inlet concentration of H2S was lower than 750 mg/m3 and the corresponding inlet loading was lower than 133.33 g/(m3?h). Pressure drops of the bio-trickling filter A and B were respectively 176.4 Pa/m and 313.6 Pa/m at 8 m3/h of gas flow rate. Compared with bio-trickling filter A，the bio-trickling filter B performed a relatively rapid startup，relatively high removal efficiency and ability to resist shock-loading. However，the bio-trickling filter B had a relatively high pressure drop and its removal efficiency was easily influenced by nitrogen source.

Liquid alkalinity of making membrane，silicon/aluminum ratio and quantity of template for the influence of becoming membrane were investigated in detail using orthogonal testing method. Desulfurization experiment was conducted in single component simulation gasoline. The optimal ratio of the crystallization for removing thiophene and benzothiophene was obtained in the desulfurization performance. Two membranes were prepared under the optimal conditions. The characteristics of the membranes were determined by XRD and SEM. The synthesized membranes were proved to be ZSM-5 zeolite membranes，and the apertures of two membranes were tested at 0.58 nm and 0.64 nm. Results showed that the ratio of the crystallization liquid mainly affected the aperture of the membrane which affected the selectivity of ZSM-5 zeolite membranes furthermore. The experiment result showed that when the aperture of ZSM-5 zeolite membrane was set to be slightly smaller than the dynamic diameter of sulfide molecular，an optimal desulfurization ratio was obtained.

The membrane fouling mechanism was analyzed by resistance-series-model and the major fouling resistance was attapulgite sedimentation on membrane surface. According to the Darcy’s-filtering-model calculation，the resistance of the filter process was determined mainly from filter cake layer resistance Rg，which accounted for about 85% of the total resistance. The results showed that ceramics membranes could not be cleaned by one-step physical or chemical cleaning methods. The permeate flux of ceramics membranes could be recovered to more than 89 % of the original value by multi-step cleaning methods，including chemical cleaning and back-flashing technology ，and the effect of ceramics membrane regeneration was stable in multiple operations .The influences of back-flushing pressure and time and cycle were investigated. The optimum parameters of back-flushing process obtained were：back-flushing pressure 0.5 MPa，time 10s，cycle 20min. Back-flushing technology played an important role in the control process of membrane fouling and regeneration in microfiltration separating by ceramics membranes，and has broad application prospects.

The article studied on the ash deposits samples at different heat exchange locations in the waste liquid incineration HRSG of Refining & Chemical Company and analyzed the components of ash and depositional mechanism. Analytical techniques，such as rigaku X-ray Diffractometer system（XRD），Scanning Electron Microscope（SEM）and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy（EDX）had been applied to investigate elemental composition，morphology，and mineralogy，the characteristic temperature of ash fusion was tested by the Ash Fusion Determinator. The results showed that the main sediments in the high temperature entrance of HRSG were Na2SO4，NiO and Fe2.3Si0.7O4，the main sediments in the intermediate temperature entrance of HRSG were Na2Ni(SO4)2?4H2O，Na3Fe(SO4)3 and Na6Fe(SO4)4. This was mainly because sodium sulfate had the high temperature corrosion reaction with ferric oxide.

Sulfidation roasting process was used to treat tin-bearing iron ore for resource utilization. According to the results of thermodynamics analysis，the sulfidation roasting reaction of tin-bearing iron ore was studied with experiment. The results showed main volatilization phases of tin as SnS and SnO and less volatilization of Sn and SnO2. The sulfidation reaction of SnO was stronger than SnO2 and Sn under the same reaction conditions. When the concentration of CO was lower than 22% and temperature was higher than 873 K in the roasting process，SnO2 could be reduced to SnO selectively. FeS2 would be decomposed into FeS and S2 during the roasting process，and the sulfidation of S2 was stronger than FeS. The sulfidation reaction rate of tin-bearing iron ore was controlled by the diffusion of S2，SO2 and SnS，and interfacial chemical reaction did not play a decisive role. After roasting，the iron phases of raw ore changed into magnetite，and then the iron could be recovered through magnetic separation. It provides a new method for the recovery of iron from tin-bearing iron ore.

A series of particle electrodes were prepared by solid phase calcination method using pottery clay as substrate，mental oxide as active component. The catalytic activity of particle electrodes were investigated by the treatment of 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine simulated wastewater under three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation conditions. When the ratio of copper oxide and zinc oxide was 0.25 mole and 0.1 mole per Kilogram Pottery Clay，respectively，calcined temperature had been kept at 1000 ℃ for 2h，the activity of prepared particle electrode was the highest. The 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine removal rate and CODCr removal rate was 83.45% and 35.17%，respectively，under cell voltage 15V，initial pH 3，electrode span 6cm，supporting electrolyte 30g/L，airflow 40L/h，150 min after the treatment，and the particle electrode indicates high catalytic stability. The study on degradation mechanism shows that the main degradation reaction of the 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine is the opening of pyrimidine ring into small nitrogen-containing compound，while the mineralization rate of the products after pyrimidine ring is destroyed is relatively low.

As the energy and environment problems are getting intense，it is important to make full use of renewable energy and industrial waste heat. This paper presented a project aiming at recycle and reuses the disposal waste heat in the chemical sector of distillation process. The low-temperature cogeneration technology was utilized to replace the cooling unit of the original system and recover the low-temperature stream waste heat generated in distillation column. The operational conditions at different temperatures were discussed and analyzed. The energy-saving benefit of the waste heat generated in the ethanol - isopropanol distillation process was also considered. The results showed that theoretical generation efficiency and actual generation efficiency were 8.7% and 2.5%，respectively under the most unfavorable conditions in summer (the condensing temperature is 37.5 ℃），and the values were 11.3% and 5.5%，respectively under the most favorable conditions in winter (the condensing temperature is 20.9 ℃）. The annual average theoretical generation efficiency was 10.2%，the actual value was about 4.2%.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the development of SOx transfer addictive in FCC flue gas. The effect of cerium and vanadium on De-SOx activity is discussed and the optimal composition of addictive is found. A new manufacturing method with optimized carrier pore structure and deposits metal components can dynamically increase the activity of addictive. The commercial application shows that over 70% SOx in FCC flue gas is reduced without compromising product yields and product quality，when 2% addictive is injected.

Production technology of domestic ethylene glycol，such as the oil route method and synthesis gas route method is introduced. Production capacity，consumption，and price in recent years are analyzed. Both domestic and international supply and demand and price trend are predicted. Some concrete suggestions are put forward according to industry characteristics and situation of ethylene glycol，including overall analysis and scientific planning of industrial development，improvement of existing processes and development of new technology，market expansion and global industry chain establishment.