玻璃棉/SiO2气凝胶复合板的改性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190497

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过选取无水乙醇为溶剂，以SiO₂气凝胶为溶质，制备SiO₂气凝胶改性溶液，并将其应用于改善玻璃棉的保温性能。通过浸润及常压干燥的方法制取玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板，研究SiO₂气凝胶的质量分数和浸润时间对其性能的影响，并与溶胶-凝胶法制备的玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板相比。研究表明SiO₂气凝胶的质量分数和浸润时间对玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板的性能有显著影响。当SiO₂气凝胶质量分数达到8%且浸润时间为20 min时，玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板的短期吸水率、热导率分别下降了38.09%、18.32%，抗压强度上升了102.89%。与溶胶-凝胶法相比，本方法具有制备周期短、工艺较为简洁、成本低等优点，更适宜于大规模生产应用。

关键词: SiO₂气凝胶, 玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板, 热导率, 建筑能耗, 复合材料, 溶液

Abstract:

The modified solution of SiO₂aerogel was prepared by selecting anhydrous ethanol as solvent and SiO₂ aerogel as solute and was used to improve the thermal insulation performance of glass wool. Glass wool/SiO₂aerogel combined boards were prepared by infiltration and prevailing pressure drying. The influence of the mass fraction of SiO₂ aerogel and the infiltration time on its performance was studied, and compared with the glass wool/SiO₂ aerogel combined board prepared by sol-gel method. The results show that the mass fraction of SiO₂ aerogel and infiltration time have significant influence on the properties of glass wool/SiO₂ aerogel combined board. When the mass fraction of SiO₂ aerogel reached 8% and the infiltration time was 20 min，the short-term water absorption and thermal conductivity of glass wool/SiO₂aerogel combined board decreased by 38.09% and 18.32% respectively, and the compressive strength increased by 102.89%. Compared with sol-gel method, this method has the advantages of shorter preparation cycle, simpler process and lower cost, and is more suitable for large-scale production.

Key words: silica aerogel, glass wool/SiO₂ aerogel combined board, thermal conductivity, building energy consumption, composites, solution

中图分类号:

TU 55⁺1

闫秋会,孙晓阳,罗杰任,吴志菊. 玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板的改性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(S2): 363-368.

Qiuhui YAN,Xiaoyang SUN,Jieren LUO,Zhiju WU. Study on modification of glass wool/SiO₂ aerogel combined board[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S2): 363-368.

图/表 5

图1 玻璃棉改性前后对比

Fig.1 Comparison of glass wool before and after modification

图2 短期吸水量随SiO2气凝胶质量分数和浸润时间的变化

Fig.2 Short-term water absorption varies with silica aerogel mass fraction and infiltration time

图3 热导率随SiO2气凝胶质量分数和浸润时间的变化

Fig.3 Thermal conductivity varies with silica aerogel mass fraction and infiltration time

图4 抗压强度随SiO2气凝胶质量分数和浸润时间的变化

Fig.4 Compressive strength varies with silica aerogel mass fraction and infiltration time

表1 两种方法制备的玻璃棉/SiO2气凝胶复合板的对比

Table 1 Comparison of glass wool/SiO2 aerogel combined boards prepared by the two methods

制备方法	文献	硅源	增强体	条件	复合板的热导率(常温)/(W/(m·K))
溶胶-凝胶法	[25]	正硅酸乙酯	玻璃纤维	超临界干燥	0.020
	[26]	正硅酸乙酯	玻璃纤维	超临界干燥	0.026
	[27]	正硅酸乙酯	玻璃纤维	常压干燥	0.0232
	[28]	正硅酸乙酯	玻璃纤维毡	真空浸渍及常压干燥	0.0233
	[29]	正硅酸乙酯	玻璃棉毡	常压干燥	0.023
物理掺杂法	[30]	SiO₂气凝胶颗粒	玻璃纤维	常压干燥	0.036
物理掺杂法	本文	SiO₂气凝胶颗粒	玻璃棉	常压干燥	0.0263

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玻璃棉/SiO₂气凝胶复合板的改性研究

Study on modification of glass wool/SiO₂ aerogel combined board

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