An investigation of the transition of flow patterns in a cocurrent three phase fluidized bed has been conducted by using on-line computer analysis of pressure fluctuation. A series of experiments were performed to study the effect of density and particle size, as well as operating conditions on the transition process. A correlation was obtained for the transition from coalesced bubble flow regime to dispersed bubble flow regime in a water-air-particle fluidized system If Reg For dispersed bubble flnw regme For coalesced bubble flow regime

The Polanyi-Dubinin equation was used to predict adsorption isotherms for eight organic vapors at 25℃ and for two organic vapors at 25℃, 40℃ and 60℃ on activated carbon in this analysis. The theoretical affinity coefficient, β, was calculated by three methods(molar volume, molecular parachor and electronic polarization) based on nonpolar and polar reference vapors. The corresponding experimental isotherm data were measured by gravimetric method. A comparison between calculated and measured isotherm data showed that ( 1 ) for optimum isotherm prediction, the reference vapor should be similar in polarity to the vapor whose adsorption is to be predicted, ( 2 ) after choosing an appropriate reference vapor, there is essentially no difference in the accuracy of the isotherm predictions by the three methods, ( 3 )the molar volume mth-od is more applicable for predicting isotherms at different temperatures.

Flow patterns, stability and heat transfer characteristices of two-phase flow in the internal thermosyphon boiling device with various helical channels have been visually observed by means of the transparent-film heating tubes. For the purpose of measuring the wall temperature more accurately, copper tuhes heated by resistance coils were used simultaneously. Experiments were carried out in seven models of internal thermosyphon tube with different geometrical dimensions five of them with helical Channel and the other two with straight flow annular channel. The working media were water, ethanol and aqueous solution of polyacrylamide. Experimental results were expressed with the relationships of q-Gt and q-hb, and the influences of channel geometries, media properties on the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer were discussed.

In a swirl-flow internal thermosyphon boiling device, besides the swirl-flow, a bypass stream may exist between the outer edge of the helix and the inside wall of the heated tube. The flow distribution of these two streames may be solved with the basic concepts of the streams Analysis Method and the boiling heat transfer coefficients can be calculated by means of the weighted mean method. Various published correlations of single-phase and two-phase flow in helical channels are discussed. A calculation method for engineering design is proposed. The predicted values agree with experimental results quite well.

Wang Chaoyang, Tu Chuanjing, Cai Lei and Yan Ling (Dept. of Thermoscience and Engineering, Zhen Jiang University, Hangzhou)

The distribution of liquid phase in a packed column was predicted by using a dispersion model with new boundary conditions. The parameters in the theoretical model were determined experimentally in a packed column of one meter diameter over a wide range of packing depths and liquid loadings. The experimental results agreed closely with the theoretical prediction. ln addition, by using tracer technique in a laser-optical fiber testing system, the mean residence time of liquid phase and its distribution in the experimental column were measured. Such mean residence time distribution curves were used to analyse the flow characteristics of liquid in the packed column.

In this paper a packed column model is developed for distillation of mul-ticomponent mixtures with simultaneous heterogeneous catalytic reaction. As the boundary conditions of the differential equation system are unknown, but restricted by the material balance of the whole column, its solution becomes a difficult boundary value problem. By applying the multishooting method and Newton-Raphson iteration procedure, an effective algorithm for the solution of the model is developed. The whole packed bed is divided into several sections. Mole fractions of the liquid phase at interfaces of these sections xij, mole flow rates profile of the Vapour phase V(z) and reaction rates in these sections Rj are chosen as iterative variables. An inner loop and an outer loop are involved. The inner loop is for xij, Rj and the outer loop is for V(z). A rapid ands table convergence is finally achieved. The proposed simulation algorithm is also applicable for distillation with simultaneous non-catalytic reaction. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results, and good agreement is obtained.

The relationship between the reactivity of the polymerization of a conjugated diene initiated by butyl lithium and the transition energy as solvent polarity parameter was studied. According to the experimental data, we derived some semiquantitative relationships as follows: where ΔH+Ex- Eσ is a complex activation energy of butadiene polymerization in cyclohexane in the presence of a Lewis base as polar additive. 2. Eapp = 74.04-1.756ET, E = 48.35- 1.107ET where Eapp and E are apparent and real activation energies of butadiene plymerization in different solvents respectively. 3. ΔH1,2-1,4 = 23.79-0.717ET where ΔH1, 2-1,4 is the difference of activation energies of 1,2-and 1,4-structures formed during butadiene polymerization in different solvents. 4. Eapp = 97.62-2.409ET where Eapp is the apparent activation energy of anionic polymerization of isoprene in different solvents.

The flow patterns and velocity distribution for the flow of highly viscoe-lastic fluid in an agitated vessel with an anchor impeller were obtained from streak photographs by using selective illumination of the vessel and polystyrene pearl as tracer particles. At the same time, the power consumption were measured. The conclusions are follows: ( 1 ) In the low Re*number regime, the magnitude of the tangential velocity for the viscoelastic fluid is greater and that of the radial velocity is smaller in comparison with Newtonian fluid, the radial position of the peak in velocity distribution for the viscoelastic fluid is nearer to wall than for Newtonian fluid. ( 2 ) The shear rate distribution is similar for these two fluids, but the magnitude of shear rate viscoelastic fluid is greater in the highly shear area for the same rotational speed of the impeller. The power consumption correlation for agitating Newtonian, pseudoplastic and viscoelastic fluids was developed by means of a CEF rheological model. The parameters fv, fs and F*1av were determined experimentally. The predicted results agree with experimental data.

It was theoretically shown that simulation of industrial absorption tower with laboratory equipment is possible. Simulation of packed tower with Sphe-ro-Cylindric Column was made in laboratory under seven different sets of conditions. The experimental results indicate that maximum error is about 5.9%.

Ultrafiltration process of bovine serum albumin solution with 0.15M NaCl and 0.2% NaN3 in a parallel plates flow system has been studied. The influences of operation pressure, feed velocity, concentration and membrane properties on the permeation performance were investigatedsa mathematical model of ultrafiltration flux under the conditions of laminar flow was developed. Two approaches to the concetration on membrane surface were proposed. The first approach was a try-and-error method by combining the flux model mentioned above with Kozinskis equation under general operating conditions The second was settingΔπ=ΔP, and calculating the concentration from the correlation π = F(C) when ultrafiltration plant is operating around the critical pressure.

The propertiea of hydromechanics and mass transfer for a coalescent and a noncoalescent system in a jet-loop reacter of 95mm diameter were measured. At the same time it was very important for the scale-up study of jet-loop reactor to distinguish a coalescent system from a noncoalescent system. A flow model was proposed according to momentum balance.The flow model was verified by comparison with experimental data.

A new method for vapor liquid equlibrium determination without analytical determination of concentration is proposed.Based on the relation of material balance in a steady flow system, the method consists in measuring the dew point or bubble point temperature of a solution with gravimetrically determined concentration z by equal volume exchange of y region or x region inside the VLE still into a steady state where z equals to y or x. The equation of equal volume exchange method is deduced from the relation of material balance of the steady state. The technique of the application are discussed in detail. Two newly designed ebulliometers were used successfully. The bubble point of dilute solution and dew point line of some system were measured with good agreement with parallel measurement and thermodynamic consistecy test also gave good results.

The kinetic study of methanol synthesis from syn gas containing some CO2 was carried out over a copper-based catalyst developed in China. The significant promotional effect of CO2 on the synthesis of methanol was observed and experimental data could be fitted very well to the following overall rate expression which implied the optimal concentration of CO2 to be about 6.0%.

An improved model for liquid membrane mass transfer has been developed. A mode) presented by W. S. Ho(1982) for diffusion controlled mass transfer into the double layer emulsions does not account for the membrane breakage. The improved model takes the membrane breakage into consideration, and is solved by power series and perturbation method. This paper discusses the rule of membrane breakage, and put forward new concepts of effective extraction time and breakage leakage, etc. This improved model predicts the extraction rates more accurater than Hos model.

The effect of shear stress of vapor and surface wave of liquid film of the condensation inside a siphon heat pipe has been studied. The results of calculation for the siphon heat pipe with some particular conditions are given in the paper. Some useful conclusions are given at the end of the paper.

A one-bubble-cap unit was used to study gas-liquid two-phase flow regimes and pressure drops of trickle-bed bubble-cap distributor. The necessary conditions for uniform liquid loading were tested in a seven-bubble-caps distributor. It was proved that only jet flow regime benefits uniform distribution, a brief explanation was also presented. The bubble-cap distributor bears much better distributing behavior than the down-flow pipe distributor. Some consideration about the design of large scale trickle-bed bubble-cap distributor were suggested.