集成式铁基质生物膜反应器自养反硝化深度脱氮

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191482

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以污水厂处理水为研究对象，采用铁基质生物载体与生物膜耦合实现高效自养反硝化脱氮。考察停留时间（HRT）对系统脱氮效能的影响，通过动力学及微生物群落结构分析，揭示耦合技术的脱氮机理。结果表明：HRT为8 h，对一级A和一级B污水厂处理水，总氮(TN)平均去除率分别为95.41%和92.55%，TN处理负荷分别为0.48 kg TN/(m³·d）和0.58 kg TN/(m³·d），硝化过程氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)饱和常数分别为1.17 mg/L和0.72 mg/L，反硝化过程硝氮(NO₃^--N)饱和常数分别为0.87 mg/L和0.67 mg/L。出水水质分别达到《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类、Ⅴ类水质标准。铁基质生物载体与生物膜耦合系统中微生物优势菌属为Maritimimonas、Rhodobacter和Sphaerotilus, 均为自养反硝化菌，证实了铁基质生物载体可为自养反硝化菌提供电子，实现生物自养反硝化脱氮。

关键词: 污水厂处理水, 铁基质生物载体, 生物膜, 自养反硝化, 脱氮

Abstract:

Taking wastewater treatment plant as the research object, the iron matrix biological carrier and biofilm were used to achieve efficient autotrophic denitrification. The effect of HRT on autotrophic denitrification was studied. The mechanism of denitrification was revealed through the analysis of the dynamics and microbial community structure. The results showed when HRT was 8 h, for the tail water of primary A and primary B, the average removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) were 95.41% and 92.55%, and TN loads were 0.48 kg TN/(m³·d) and 0.58 kg TN/(m³·d), which reached the standard of “The Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water”. The saturation constants of NH₄⁺-N in nitrification process were 1.17 mg/L and 0.72 mg/L and the saturation constants of $N O_{3}^{-}$ -N in denitrification process were 0.87 mg/L and 0.67 mg/L, respectively. In the system, the dominant microorganisms were Maritimimonas, Rhodobacter and Sphaerotilus. They are autotrophic denitrification bacteria, which confirmed that the iron matrix biological carrier can provide electron for autotrophic denitrification bacteria, achieving autotrophic denitrification.

Key words: treated water of sewage treatment plant, iron matrix biological carrier, biofilm, autotrophic denitrification, nitrogen removal

中图分类号:

X 703.5

胡智丰,邓时海,张超,李德生,彭帅. 集成式铁基质生物膜反应器自养反硝化深度脱氮[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3304-3312.

Zhifeng HU,Shihai DENG,Chao ZHANG,Desheng LI,Shuai PENG. Advanced nitrogen removal of autotrophic denitrification by integrated iron substrate biofilm reactor[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(7): 3304-3312.

图/表 12

图1 铁基质生物载体的制备流程

Fig.1 Preparation process of iron matrix biological carrier

表1 污水厂处理水水质

Table 1 Tail water quality of waste water treatment plant/(mg/L)

指标	一级A指标	一级B指标
COD	40±2	40±2
$N H_{4}^{+}$ -N	5±1	8±1
$N O_{3}^{-}$ -N	10±1	12±1
TN	15±2	20±2

表1 污水厂处理水水质

Table 1 Tail water quality of waste water treatment plant/(mg/L)

指标	一级A指标	一级B指标
COD	40±2	40±2
$N H_{4}^{+}$ -N	5±1	8±1
$N O_{3}^{-}$ -N	10±1	12±1
TN	15±2	20±2

图2 试验装置示意图1—排空阀; 2—原水水箱; 3—回流阀; 4—进水泵; 5—流量计; 6—铁基质生物载体; 7—进水口; 8—DO仪; 9—pH计; 10—布水器; 11—取样口; 12—出水口; 13—进气口; 14—流量计; 15—空压机

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of test equipment

图3 用纱布包裹的自制化学催化载体

Fig.3 Chemical catalytic carrier with gauze

图4 HRT对一级A处理水脱氮效果影响

Fig.4 Effect of HRT on nitrogen removal from primary A

图5 HRT对一级B处理水脱氮效果影响

Fig.5 Effect of HRT on nitrogen removal from primary B

图6 污染物沿程变化

Fig.6 Diagram of pollutant evolution along reactor

图7 集成式反应器处理一级A处理水稳定运行效果

Fig.7 Stable operation for primary A tail water

图8 集成式反应器处理一级B处理水稳定运行效果

Fig.8 Stable operation for primary B tail water

图9 硝化、反硝化过程中NH4+-N、NO3--N饱和常数

Fig.9 Saturated constant of NH4+-N,NO3--N

图10 物种相对丰度的柱状直方图

Fig.10 Column histogram of species relative abundance

图11 系统发育树和相关丰度

Fig.11 Phylogenetic tree and relative abundance

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