甲烷/石墨粉与甲烷/煤粉爆炸特性对比研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220850

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

借助20 L球形爆炸系统研究了甲烷/石墨粉和甲烷/煤粉复合体系爆炸特性异同，结果表明：甲烷浓度对甲烷/石墨粉和甲烷/煤粉两相体系的爆炸特性有重要影响，当甲烷的浓度为6%（体积）时，随着石墨粉粒径的增加，甲烷/石墨粉体系的压力曲线由单峰转为双峰，三种粒径的石墨粉（D₅₀：7、18、75 μm）浓度分别在60、200、30 g/m³达到爆炸压力最大值0.691、0.657、0.611 MPa；甲烷/煤粉体系则在400 g/m³达到最大值0.724 MPa，高于甲烷/石墨粉体系。当甲烷浓度接近当量比时，三种粒径石墨粉的爆炸压力峰值均呈现逐渐减小的趋势，石墨粉的粒径越小，甲烷/石墨粉两相体系的爆炸压力峰值越小，甲烷/石墨粉体系在质量浓度为10 g/m³时达到最大值；甲烷/煤粉体系的爆炸压力则在60 g/m³时达到最大值0.776 MPa。甲烷浓度由6%增加至9%时，甲烷/石墨粉和甲烷/煤粉的爆炸火焰由不规则形状转为近似球形发展，火焰表面褶皱消失，同时两相体系的爆燃指数显著增高，当粉尘质量浓度大于30 g/m³时，甲烷/煤粉的爆燃指数大于甲烷/石墨粉体系，这是由于煤粉挥发分含量高，燃烧更为充分，且焦炭参与了爆炸过程；石墨粉本身的挥发分含量低，含碳量远超过煤粉，爆炸中仅有少部分石墨粉参与了爆炸。研究结果将对气粉两相混合物爆炸防治提供指导。

关键词: 石墨粉, 两相体系, 挥发分, 爆炸特性

Abstract:

In this paper, the similarities and differences of explosion characteristics of methane/graphite powder and methane/pulverized coal composite systems are studied by means of 20 L spherical explosion system. The results show that the methane concentration has an important influence on the explosion characteristics of methane/graphite powder two-phase systems and methane/pulverized coal two-phase systems, when the concentration of methane is 6%(vol), the pressure curve of methane/graphite powder system changes from single peak to double peak with the increase of graphite powder particle size, graphite powder with three particle sizes (D₅₀:7, 18,75 μm) reaches the maximum explosion pressure (0.691, 0.657, 0.611 MPa) at 60, 200, and 30 g/m³respectively. The maximum value of methane/pulverized coal system is 0.724 MPa at 400 g/m³, which is higher than that of methane/graphite powder system. When the methane concentration is close to the equivalence ratio, the explosion pressure peaks of the three particle sizes of graphite powder show a decreasing trend, the smaller the particle size of graphite powder, the smaller the explosion pressure peak of the methane/graphite powder two-phase system, the methane/graphite powder system reaches the maximum value when the mass concentration is 10 g/m³. The explosion pressure of methane/pulverized coal system reaches the maximum value of 0.776 MPa at 60 g/m³, the deflagration index of methane/pulverized coal is higher than that of graphite powder/methane system, because the volatile content of pulverized coal is high, the combustion of pulverized coal is more sufficient, and coke participated in the explosion process. The volatile content of graphite powder is low, and the carbon content is much higher than that of pulverized coal. Only a small part of graphite powder participated in the explosion. The research results will provide guidance for the prevention and control of gas powder two-phase mixture explosion.

Key words: graphite powder, two-phase system, volatile matter, explosion characteristics

中图分类号:

TD 712

裴蓓, 徐梦娇, 韦双明, 郭佳琪, 李世梁, 胡紫维. 甲烷/石墨粉与甲烷/煤粉爆炸特性对比研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4769-4779.

Bei PEI, Mengjiao XU, Shuangming WEI, Jiaqi GUO, Shiliang LI, Ziwei HU. Comparison of explosion characteristics of methane/graphite powder and methane/pulverized coal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4769-4779.

图/表 12

图1 实验系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental system

表1 石墨粉、煤粉的工业分析

Table 1 Industrial analysis of graphite powder and pulverized coal

石墨粉/

粉煤

图2 三种粒径下甲烷/石墨粉爆炸压力峰值随质量浓度的变化

Fig.2 Variation curve of explosion pressure peak value of methane/graphite powder with mass concentration of three particle sizes

图3 甲烷/石墨粉与甲烷/煤粉爆炸压力峰值随质量浓度变化对比（煤粉D50:83 μm，石墨粉D50:75 μm）

Fig.3 Comparison of peak explosion pressure of methane/graphite powder and methane/pulverized coal with mass concentration(pulverized coal D50: 83 μm, graphite powder D50: 75 μm)

图4 三种粒径甲烷/石墨粉爆炸压升速率峰值随质量浓度的变化

Fig.4 Variation curve of peak pressure rise rate of three particle sizes of methane/graphite powder with mass concentration

图5 甲烷/石墨粉与甲烷/煤粉爆炸压力峰值随质量浓度变化对比（煤粉D50:83 μm，石墨粉D50:75 μm）

Fig.5 Comparison of peak explosion pressure of methane/graphite powder and methane/pulverized coal with mass concentration(pulverized coal D50:83 μm, graphite powder D50:75 μm)

图6 甲烷/石墨粉和甲烷/煤粉纹影火焰结构图像（质量浓度:10 g/m3）

Fig.6 Schlieren flame structure images of methane/graphite powder and methane/pulverized coal

图7 甲烷/石墨粉和甲烷/煤粉火焰速度-时间曲线（质量浓度:10 g/m3）

Fig.7 Flame velocity curves of methane/graphite powder and methane/pulverized coa

图8 不同甲烷浓度甲烷/石墨粉和甲烷/煤粉的爆燃指数

Fig.8 Deflagration index of methane / graphite powder and methane/pulverized coal with different methane concentrations

图9 石墨粉爆炸前后的工业分析

Fig.9 Industrial analysis of graphite powder before and after explosion

图10 煤粉爆炸前后的工业分析

Fig.10 Industrial analysis before and after pulverized coal explosion

图11 石墨粉和煤粉爆炸前后电镜扫描图像

Fig.11 SEM images of graphite powder and pulverized coal before and after explosion

参考文献 31

1	国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 2021[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021: 288.
	National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook. 2021[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021: 288.
2	Torrado D, Buitrago V, Glaude P A, et al. Explosions of methane/air/nanoparticles mixtures: comparison between carbon black and inert particles[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2017, 110: 77-88.
3	Denkevits A, Dorofeev S. Explosibility of fine graphite and tungsten dusts and their mixtures[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2006, 19(2/3): 174-180.
4	杨劲松, 张佳心. 石墨粒的着火燃烧实验研究[J]. 应用科技, 1992, 19(2): 24-28.
	Yang J S, Zhang J X. Experimental study on ignition and combustion of graphite particles[J]. Applied Science and Technology, 1992, 19(2): 24-28.
5	Kosinski P, Nyheim R, Asokan V, et al. Explosions of carbon black and propane hybrid mixtures[J]. Journal of Loss Revention in the Process Industries, 2013, 26(1): 45-51.
6	王景伟, 关杰, 吴雯杰, 等. 打印机墨粉燃烧特性的热分析[J]. 环境工程, 2009, 27(4): 109-112.
	Wang J W, Guan J, Wu W J, et al. Thermal analysis study on combustibility of printer toner[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2009, 27(4): 109-112.
7	吴月浩. 墨粉爆炸危险性研究与安全措施[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2012.
	Wu Y H. The study on explosion risk and safety measures of toner dust[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2012.
8	李秀丽, 王景伟. 废弃硒鼓残留墨粉的爆炸参数研究[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2012, 38(8): 20-22.
	Li X L, Wang J W. Study on toner dust explosion characteristic of waste toner cartridge[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2012, 38(8): 20-22.
9	毕明树, 王洪雨. 甲烷-煤尘复合爆炸威力实验[J]. 煤炭学报, 2008, 33(7): 784-788.
	Bi M S, Wang H Y. Experiment on methane-coal dust explosions[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2008, 33(7): 784-788.
10	裴蓓, 张子阳, 潘荣锟, 等. 不同强度冲击波诱导沉积煤尘爆炸火焰传播特性[J]. 煤炭学报, 2021, 46(2): 498-506.
	Pei B, Zhang Z Y, Pan R K, et al. Flame propagation characteristics of deposited coal dust explosion induced by shock waves of different intensities[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46(2): 498-506.
11	田野, 王保民, 李利国. 甲烷浓度和煤粉粒径对混合爆炸火焰传播速度的影响[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(9): 321-324.
	Tian Y, Wang B M, Li L G. Effect of methane concentration and coal dust particle size on the speed of flame[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2017, 17(9): 321-324.
12	曲志明, 王育德. 甲烷煤尘燃烧爆炸试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2012, 22(11): 55-61.
	Qu Z M, Wang Y D. Experimental study on methane and coal dust combustion and explosion[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2012, 22(11): 55-61.
13	陈东梁, 孙金华, 刘义, 等. 甲烷、煤尘复合体系燃烧特性及火焰结构的实验研究[J]. 自然科学进展, 2007, 17(4): 494-499.
	Chen D L, Sun J H, Liu Y, et al. Experimental study on combustion characteristics and flame structure of methane and coal dust composite system[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(4): 494-499.
14	陈东梁, 孙金华, 刘义, 等. 甲烷/煤尘复合体系燃烧反应特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2008, 29(7): 1243-1247.
	Chen D L, Sun J H, Liu Y, et al. Study on combustion characteristics of methane/coal dust mixture[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2008, 29(7): 1243-1247.
15	王晓彬. 点火延迟时间对甲烷煤尘爆炸特性的影响[J]. 煤矿安全, 2020, 51(3): 23-27.
	Wang X B. Effect of ignition delay time on explosion characteristics of methane and coal dust hybrid mixtures[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2020, 51(3): 23-27.
16	李庆钊, 翟成, 吴海进, 等. 基于20L球形爆炸装置的煤尘爆炸特性研究[J]. 煤炭学报, 2011, 36(S1): 119-124.
	Li Q Z, Zhai C, Wu H J, et al. Investigation on coal dust explosion characteristics using 20 L explosion sphere vessels[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2011, 36(S1): 119-124.
17	李润之. 瓦斯煤尘共存条件下的煤尘云爆炸下限[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(4): 913-917.
	Li R Z. Minimum explosive concentration of coal dust cloud in the coexistence of gas and coal dust[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(4): 913-917.
18	司荣军, 李润之, 苏岱峰. 煤尘云质量浓度对瓦斯爆炸压力影响的试验研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2018, 18(5): 1796-1798.
	Si R J, Li R Z, Su D F. Investigation of the influence of the coal dust cloud on the gas explosion pressure[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2018, 18(5): 1796-1798.
19	王博, 苟瑞君, 阚润哲. 煤尘粒径对瓦斯煤尘爆炸的影响研究[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 40(1): 79-83, 89.
	Wang B, Gou R J, Kan R Z. Study on the influence of particle size of coal dust on gas and coal dust explosion[J]. Journal of North University of China (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 40(1): 79-83, 89.
20	宋佰超, 李雨成, 罗红波. 挥发分对煤尘爆炸特性影响研究[J]. 数学的实践与认识, 2019, 49(1): 118-123.
	Song B C, Li Y C, Luo H B. Study on the influence of volatile matter on coal dust explosion characteristics[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2019, 49(1): 118-123.
21	宋春香. 煤质成分对煤尘爆炸特性影响实验研究[J]. 煤炭技术, 2015, 34(2): 189-191.
	Song C X. Experimental study on coal dust explosion characteristics under impact of coal elemental composition[J]. Coal Technology, 2015, 34(2): 189-191.
22	马祯, 刘佳. 煤质成分对煤尘爆炸特性影响实验分析[J]. 当代化工研究, 2018(6): 2-3.
	Ma Z, Liu J. Experimental analysis on the influence of coal quality composition on coal dust explosion characteristics[J]. Modern Chemical Research, 2018(6): 2-3.
23	王世昌. 中国动力煤挥发分发热量分布规律[J]. 电站系统工程, 2012, 28(3): 26-28, 30.
	Wang S C. Distribution laws of volatile heating value for Chinese power coals[J]. Power System Engineering, 2012, 28(3): 26-28, 30.
24	刘仁生, 何英杰, 钟雪晴. 府谷长焰煤挥发分析出温度的探讨[J]. 煤质技术, 2010(3): 7-8, 11.
	Liu R S, He Y J, Zhong X Q. The study on the volatile precipitation temperature of Fugu long flame coal[J]. Coal Quality Technology, 2010(3): 7-8, 11.
25	张廷尧, 胡中发, 周月桂. 单颗粒煤粉着火特性的数值分析[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2022, 28(1): 36-41.
	Zhang T Y, Hu Z F, Zhou Y G. Numerical analysis of the ignition characteristics of single coal particle[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2022, 28(1): 36-41.
26	刘丹, 司荣军, 李润之. 环境湿度对瓦斯爆炸特性的影响[J]. 高压物理学报, 2015, 29(4): 307-312.
	Liu D, Si R J, Li R Z. Ambient humidity influence on explosion characteristics of methane-air mixture[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2015, 29(4): 307-312.
27	李志宏. 可视化火焰测量系统的开发及应用[D]. 北京: 中国科学院研究生院(工程热物理研究所), 2006.
	Li Z H. Visual method of flame's development and application[D]. Beijing: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Engineering Thermophysics), 2006.
28	Khatami R, Levendis Y A. An overview of coal rank influence on ignition and combustion phenomena at the particle level[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2016, 164: 22-34.
29	National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 68: Guide for Venting of Deflagrations[Z]. National Fire Protection Association, 2002.
30	来诚锋, 段滋华, 张永发, 等. 煤粉末的爆炸机理[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2010, 30(3): 325-328.
	Lai C F, Duan Z H, Zhang Y F, et al. Explosion mechanism of carbon powder[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2010, 30(3): 325-328.
31	高尔新, 周中一, 韩三楼, 等. 高灰分煤尘对冲击波作用响应的微观研究[J]. 煤炭技术, 2005, 24(9): 1-2.
	Gao E X, Zhou Z Y, Han S L, et al. The experiment research on explosive characteristic of coal dust by shock wave[J]. Coal Technology, 2005, 24(9): 1-2.

[1]	李珍宝, 李超, 王虎, 王绍瑞, 黎泉. MPP抑制铝镁合金粉尘爆炸微观机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3608-3614.
[2]	郑默, 李晓霞. ReaxFF MD模拟揭示的煤热解挥发分自由基反应的竞争与协调[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(6): 2732-2741.
[3]	马萌, 白永辉, 卫俊涛, 闫伦靖, 吕鹏, 王焦飞, 宋旭东, 苏暐光, 于广锁. 生物质与煤（共）热解/气化过程中挥发分-半焦交互作用研究与进展[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(11): 5186-5200.
[4]	刘洁妤, 龚岩, 吴晓翔, 郭庆华, 于广锁, 王辅臣. 多喷嘴对置式气化炉内颗粒挥发分火焰可视化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1275-1282.
[5]	梅振飞, 陈明, 陈德珍, 洪鎏, 胡雨燕. 垃圾热解-挥发分重整过程中基于产物导向的催化剂选择[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(8): 3104-3112.
[6]	余明高, 袁晨樵, 郑凯. 管道内障碍物对加氢甲烷爆炸特性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(12): 5311-5319.
[7]	冯冬冬, 赵义军, 刘鹏, 张宇, 张海楠, 孙绍增. 挥发分-半焦交互反应对生物质热解半焦特性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(11): 4787-4794.
[8]	万丽花, 姚忠, 倪芳, 韦敏, 周治, 王浩绮, 孙芸, 仲兆祥. 两相体系中β-葡萄糖苷酶催化栀子苷水解制备京尼平[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(9): 3583-3591.
[9]	万丽花, 姚忠, 倪芳, 韦敏, 周治, 王浩绮, 孙芸, 仲兆祥. 两相体系中β-葡萄糖苷酶催化栀子苷水解制备京尼平[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(9): 0-0.
[10]	王擎1，隋义1，迟铭书1，隋岩2. 油页岩中矿物质对挥发分不凝气释放过程的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33(10): 2613-2618.
[11]	汪云1，王利群1，2，何玉财1，2，朱劼1,卿青1,王明慧1. 两相体系中固定化黏红酵母CCZU-G5催化合成 (R)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯[J]. 化工进展, 2013, 32(03): 661-665.
[12]	李沃源，毋伟，邹海魁，初广文，邵磊，陈建峰. 超重力旋转填充床用于高黏聚合物脱挥的研究进展 [J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 29(2): 211-.
[13]	双玥;吴昌宁;颜彬航;程易. 煤粉高温快速裂解过程的颗粒内部传递行为 [J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 61(12): 3072-3079.
[14]	陆军，张伟国. 两相体系生物转化L-苯丙氨酸生成2-苯乙醇 [J]. CIESC Journal, 2008, 27(3): 417-.
[15]	张涛, 黄哲, 林章凛. 固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶双相体系中水解大豆异黄酮 [J]. 化工学报, 2008, 59(2): 387-392.