气藏水平井温度分布特征及流量测试实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240679

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确水平井温度分布规律对于利用井温数据解释天然气产量至关重要。利用水平段多相参数测试实验装置，发现水平段温度分布特征与孔眼进气量、含水率以及相邻孔眼的温降密切相关，并分别建立了基于温差的流量及含水率预测关联式。实验结果表明，气体流入量越大，孔眼下方温度越低，而含水率增大会减弱气体通过孔眼时的温降，气体的节流温降效应在体积含水率达9%时消失。当多孔同时进气时，下游温降受上游温降影响显著，并随相邻孔眼间进气比增大而呈线性增强趋势，说明在纯产气阶段，利用温度数据计算射孔段产量时需要考虑射孔段间的温降干扰。但当下游孔眼流入气液两相时，随含水率的升高，上游温降对下游温降的影响逐渐降低。

关键词: 温度分布, 水平气井, 焦耳-汤姆逊效应, 气液两相流, 天然气, 测量

Abstract:

Clarifying the temperature distribution pattern of horizontal wells is crucial to interpreting natural gas production using well temperature data. This study investigated the impact of gas-liquid flow rate and the number of perforations on temperature distribution within a horizontal pipeline, utilizing a multiphase flow experimental setup. The study revealed that temperature fluctuations in the horizontal section are closely influenced by the gas inflow through the perforations, gas-water content, and the temperature drop across adjacent perforations. Correlation equations for predicting the flow rate and water content based on the temperature differences were established. Experimental results indicate that an increase in gas flow reduces the temperature beneath the perforations and decreases the overall temperature profile of the pipe section. Higher water content significantly reduces the temperature drop as the gas passes through the perforations, with the effect disappearing when the volumetric water content approaches 9% under experimental conditions. In addition, when airflow passes through multiple perforations simultaneously, the variation of the downstream airflow temperature drop is influenced by the temperature drop of the upstream airflow. The downstream temperature drop increases as the gas inflow ratio between neighboring perforations increases. When the downstream perforation encounters the gas-liquid flow, the effect of the upstream airflow temperature drop disappears as the water content in the downstream flow increases. The results show that the temperature drop from the upstream airflow significantly impacts the downstream temperature drop during the early stage of production, which should not be ignored when utilizing the temperature data for production calculations. However, this influence diminishes considerably in the presence of high water content. This study not only clarifies the characteristics of the temperature profile during production in horizontal wells, but also deepens the understanding of temperature drop variations caused by gas-liquid interactions. Additionally, it contributes to more accurate utilization of temperature data for production analysis, offering significant value for both engineering applications and academic research.

Key words: temperature distribution, horizontal gas well, Joule-Thomson effect, gas-liquid flow, natural gas, measurement

中图分类号:

TE 37

黄云龙, 许剑, 刘通, 元昕彤, 徐强. 气藏水平井温度分布特征及流量测试实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(2): 612-622.

Yunlong HUANG, Jian XU, Tong LIU, Xintong YUAN, Qiang XU. Experimental study on temperature distribution characteristics and flow measurement of horizontal wells in gas reservoir[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(2): 612-622.

图/表 14

图1 实验系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental system

图2 实验测试段示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the experimental test section

表1 实验测量参数误差及不确定度

Table 1 Experimental measurement parameter errors and uncertainties

测量参数	测量范围	测量精度	最大误差	最大不确定度
压力	0~20 MPa	±0.075%	0.015	7.5%
压差	0~2 MPa	±0.075%	0.002	0.2%
温度	0~200℃	±0.25%	0.5	12.5%
气相流量	0~400 kg/h	±0.5%	1.8	20%
液相流量	0~0.6 m³/h	±1%	0.002	12%

图3 E1时水平管段沿程温度、温差分布随qg1变化规律

Fig.3 Variations of temperature distribution and differential temperature distribution along the horizontal pipe with qg1 in E1

图4 DT1-14和DT21-14随qg1变化及对应的拟合曲线

Fig.4 Variations of DT1-14 and DT21-14 with qg1 and corresponding fitting curves

图5 E2时水平管段沿程温度、温差分布随qw变化规律

Fig.5 Variations of temperature distribution and differential temperature distribution along the horizontal pipe with qw in E2

图6 温差DT1-14随两类含水率变化情况

Fig.6 Variations of DT1-14 with α and β

图7 不同qg2/qg1下水平管道沿程温度分布

Fig.7 Variations of temperature distribution along the horizontal pipe with qg2/qg1

图8 DT1-20以及T14随DT2-12的变化

Fig.8 Variations of DT1-20 and T14 with DT2-12

图9 孔眼间温度混合示意图

Fig.9 Diagram of temperature mixing between perforations

图10 引入相邻孔眼间流量差异后上游温差与下游温差之间的关系

Fig.10 The relationship between upstream differential temperature and downstream differential temperature after the flow difference between adjacent perforations is introduced

图11 E4时qw变化时水平管道沿程温度分布

Fig.11 Variations of temperature distribution along the horizontal pipe with qw in E4

图12 DT1-14随α变化规律

Fig.12 Variations of DT1-14 with α

图13 当qw变化时E4和E2中DT1-14随两类含水率的变化

Fig.13 Variations of DT1-14 with α and β in E4 and E2 when qw is changed

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