液滴撞击热壁面的动力学及汽化特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250555

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究液滴撞击热壁面的动力学及汽化特性，设计与搭建了可视化实验系统，探究了液滴相态变化特性，并针对典型工况开展了数值模拟分析。研究发现壁面温度与液滴撞击速度是影响液滴形变及壁面传热的重要因素。撞击速度的增加促进液滴铺展，增加液滴与壁面的接触面积从而增强传热，同时液膜变薄也有利于热量传递；壁面温度的升高会加快液滴汽化，引发液滴相态的转变，呈现膜态蒸发、接触沸腾、破碎雾化、雾化弹跳、膜态飞溅和中心射流六种相态。

关键词: 液滴, 传质, 汽化, 传热

Abstract:

To investigate the dynamics and vaporization characteristics of droplet impact on a hot wall, a visualization experimental system was designed and built. The phase change characteristics of the droplet were studied, and numerical simulations were conducted for typical conditions. The investigations found that the wall temperature and droplet impact velocity are important factors affecting droplet deformation and wall heat transfer. An increase in impact velocity promotes droplet spreading, increases the contact area between the droplet and the wall, thereby enhancing heat transfer. At the same time, the thinning of the liquid film also facilitates heat transfer. An increase in wall temperature accelerates droplet vaporization, triggering the phase morphological evolution of the droplet, presenting six phase states: film evaporation, contact boiling, fragmentation and atomization, atomization bouncing, film splash, and central jet.

Key words: droplet, mass transfer, vaporization, heat transfer

中图分类号:

O 359⁺.1

王太, 孙亦铁, 李晟瑞, 刘璐, 闫润, 王腾, 董新宇. 液滴撞击热壁面的动力学及汽化特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(11): 5853-5864.

Tai WANG, Yitie SUN, Shengrui LI, Lu LIU, Run YAN, Teng WANG, Xinyu DONG. Investigation on the dynamics and vaporization characteristics of droplet impact on the heated wall surface[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(11): 5853-5864.

图/表 15

图1 液滴撞击热壁面的可视化实验系统

Fig.1 Visualization experimental system for droplet impact on hot wall surface

图2 物理模型

Fig.2 Physical model

图3 网格无关性验证

Fig.3 Grid independence verification and validation

图4 数值模拟结果与实验结果的对比

Fig.4 Comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental results

图5 液滴撞击60℃铜表面

Fig.5 Droplet impact on copper surface at 60℃

图6 液滴撞击60℃铜表面时铺展系数随时间的变化

Fig.6 Variation of spreading coefficient for droplet impacting on copper surface at 60℃

图7 v=0.798 m/s时液滴撞击不同温度热壁面的变化情况

Fig.7 Variation of droplet impacting hot wall with different temperatures at v=0.798 m/s

表1 液滴参数

Table 1 Droplet parameters

d₀/mm	H/cm	v/(m/s)	We
3.15	1	0.443	8.64
	3	0.798	25.92
	5	0.997	43.20
	7	1.172	60.47
	9	1.330	77.75
	11	1.465	95.03
	13	1.596	112.31
	15	1.716	129.59

图8 液滴撞击不同温度壁面时气泡的生成情况

Fig. 8 Formation of bubbles when droplets hit a wall at different temperatures

图9 液滴以不同速度撞击壁面时的破碎情况

Fig.9 Breakup of droplets hitting the wall at different velocities

图10 液滴内部射流气团情况

Fig.10 Condition of the jet air mass inside the droplet

图11 液滴撞击热壁面的相图

Fig.11 Phase diagram of a droplet hitting a hot wall

图12 液滴撞击333.15 K壁面实验与模拟对照

Fig.12 Droplet impact 333.15 K surface experiment and simulation comparison

图13 液滴撞击433.15 K壁面实验与模拟对照

Fig.13 Droplet impact on 433.15 K surface experiment and simulation comparison

图14 液滴撞击453.15 K壁面实验与模拟对照

Fig.14 Droplet impact on 453.15 K surface experiment and simulation control

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