基于燃烧前CO2捕集与封存的IGCC全生命周期碳排放及环境评价

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250628

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）电厂耦合燃烧前碳捕集与封存（CCS）的碳排放及环境影响，采用全生命周期评价（LCA）方法，利用SimaPro软件建模，研究了未实施/实施碳捕集IGCC电厂的全球变暖潜值（GWP）、陆地酸化潜值（TAP）、致癌人体毒性潜值（HTPc）、非致癌人体毒性潜值（HTPnc）、陆地生态毒性潜值（TETP）、淡水生态毒性潜值（FETP）及淡水富营养化潜值（FEP）七种环境影响类型及其主要贡献源，并对未实施/实施碳捕集IGCC电厂的各类环境影响程度进行比较。结果表明，相比于未实施碳捕集，碳捕集后电厂的烟气碳排放降低88%，煤炭与化学品供应与辅机用电所造成的GWP分别上升了18%和20%，CCS过程的GWP为39.02 kg CO₂-eq，电厂生命周期总GWP为257 kg CO₂-eq，降低了72%。除GWP显著下降外，捕集电厂的TAP、HTPc、HTPnc、TETP、FETP和FEP环境影响潜值均上升至未捕集电厂的119%~170%。煤炭和化学品供应的增加是HTPc上升的主要因素，而CCS单元是除HTPc外其他环境影响潜值上升的主要贡献源，占捕集电厂各类环境影响潜值的15%~34%。

关键词: 煤燃烧, 二氧化碳捕集, 温室气体, 可持续性, 模型, 模拟, 环境

Abstract:

In this work, a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to access the carbon emission and potential environment impacts of the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with pre-combustion carbon capture. The assessment was carried out by SimaPro software modeling. The global warming potential (GWP), terrestrial acidification potential (TAP), carcinogenic human toxicity potential (HTPc), non-carcinogenic human toxicity potential (HTPnc), terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP), freshwater ecotoxicity potential (FETP), freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP) and the related contributors were investigated and compared for the IGCC power plants with/without carbon capture and storage (CCS). The results showed that compared to the power plant without carbon capture, flue gas carbon emissions decreased by 88% after carbon capture, while the GWP caused by coal and chemical supply and auxiliary power consumption increased by 18% and 20%, respectively. The GWP of the CCS process was 39.02 kg CO₂-eq, and the total life-cycle GWP of the power plant was 257 kg CO₂-eq, with a reduction of 72%. Besides the sharp drop in GWP, the potential environmental impact of the plant, including TAP, HTPc, HTPnc, TETP, FETP and FEP, increased to 119%—170% compared to the benchmark plant without CCS. The increase in coal and chemical supply was the primary contributor to the rise in HTPc. The CCS unit was the primary contributor to the increase of potential environmental impact except HTPc, and the CCS unit accounted for 15%—34% of the potential environmental impact of the plant.

Key words: coal combustion, CO₂ capture, greenhouse gas, sustainability, model, simulation, environment

中图分类号:

TQ 548

陈时熠, 曹欣欣, 陈姝屹, 李绩新, 向文国. 基于燃烧前CO₂捕集与封存的IGCC全生命周期碳排放及环境评价[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(12): 6573-6586.

Shiyi CHEN, Xinxin CAO, Shuyi CHEN, Jixin LI, Wenguo XIANG. Life cycle carbon emission and environment assessment of pre-combustion IGCC power plant[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(12): 6573-6586.

图/表 18

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输入条件	参数
气化炉	Shell
氧化剂	95%（体积）O₂、4.2%（体积）N₂、0.8%（体积）Ar
煤种	伊利诺伊州6号烟煤
气化压力	4.2 MPa
气化温度	1427℃
氧煤比	0.72
H₂S分离技术	Sulfinol-M
脱硫率	99.5%
压缩机压比	15.7
HRSG排烟温度	132℃
蒸汽循环条件	12.4 MPa/561℃/561℃
燃气轮机型号	GE 7FA
燃气轮机数量	2

输入条件	参数
气化炉	Shell
氧化剂	95%（体积）O₂、4.2%（体积）N₂、0.8%（体积）Ar
煤种	伊利诺伊州6号烟煤
气化压力	4.2 MPa
气化温度	1427℃
氧煤比	0.72
H₂S分离技术	Sulfinol-M
脱硫率	99.5%
压缩机压比	15.7
HRSG排烟温度	132℃
蒸汽循环条件	12.4 MPa/561℃/561℃
燃气轮机型号	GE 7FA
燃气轮机数量	2

机组参数	IECM	报告机组	误差/%
燃气轮机输出/MW	457.5	464	1.40
汽轮机输出/MW	300.1	301	0.30
总发电量/MW	757.7	765	0.95
净发电量/MW	666.9	640	4.2
机组净热耗/(kJ/kWh)	8378	8377	0.01
发电效率/%	42.97	43	0.07
空分机组耗电/MW	62.4	61.36	1.7
煤耗量/(t/h)	205.8	197.5	4.2
合成气体积组分	1.04%Ar，57.22%CO， 1.75%CO₂，30.09%H₂，5.85%N₂，3.13%H₂O，0.81%H₂S等	0.91%Ar，57.53%CO，1.88%CO₂，29.37%H₂，5.75%N₂，3.23%H₂O，0.81%H₂S等	—
烟气体积成分	74.09%N₂，12.11%O₂，4.9%H₂O，7.81%CO₂等	74.95%N₂，11.22%O₂，5.31%H₂O，7.61%CO₂等	—

机组参数	IECM	报告机组	误差/%
燃气轮机输出/MW	457.5	464	1.40
汽轮机输出/MW	300.1	301	0.30
总发电量/MW	757.7	765	0.95
净发电量/MW	666.9	640	4.2
机组净热耗/(kJ/kWh)	8378	8377	0.01
发电效率/%	42.97	43	0.07
空分机组耗电/MW	62.4	61.36	1.7
煤耗量/(t/h)	205.8	197.5	4.2
合成气体积组分	1.04%Ar，57.22%CO， 1.75%CO₂，30.09%H₂，5.85%N₂，3.13%H₂O，0.81%H₂S等	0.91%Ar，57.53%CO，1.88%CO₂，29.37%H₂，5.75%N₂，3.23%H₂O，0.81%H₂S等	—
烟气体积成分	74.09%N₂，12.11%O₂，4.9%H₂O，7.81%CO₂等	74.95%N₂，11.22%O₂，5.31%H₂O，7.61%CO₂等	—

单元	机组参数	案例一	案例二
空分单元	氧气流量/(kg/MWh)	281.7	332.7
	氧气纯度/%（体积）	95	95
	氧气出口压力/MPa	4	4
气化炉	类型	GE（水煤浆激冷）	GE（水煤浆激冷）
	运行温度/℃	1343	1343
	运行压力/MPa	4.24	4.24
	水煤浆进料比例/(mol H₂O/mol C)	0.45	0.45
	氧化剂进料比例/(mol O₂/mol C)	0.43	0.43
酸性气体脱除	溶剂	Selexol	Selexol
	COS转化率/%	98.5	98.5
	H₂S去除率/%	98	98
	COS去除率/%	33	33
	CO₂去除率/%	15	15
水汽变换	CO转化率/%	—	95
水汽变换	COS转化率/%	—	98.5
碳捕集	溶剂	—	Selexol
	CO₂捕集率/%	—	95
	H₂S去除率/%	—	94
管道运输	距离/km	—	100
	入口压力/MPa	—	13.79
	出口压力/MPa	—	11.94
发电单元	燃气轮机功率/MW	235	228
	汽轮机功率/MW	107	108
	总功率/MW	342	336
	净功率/MW	289.2	262.8

基于燃烧前CO₂捕集与封存的IGCC全生命周期碳排放及环境评价

Life cycle carbon emission and environment assessment of pre-combustion IGCC power plant

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参考文献 34

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Metrics

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辅机	功率/MW
辅机	案例一	案例二
ASU	37.92	39.98
气化炉	3.87	4.15
合成气净化	4.25	5.06
其他	6.84	6.71
水汽变换	0	-12.98
CO₂捕集	0	29.81

烟气成分	案例一	案例二
N₂	64.89%（体积）	66.69%（体积）
O₂	9.98%（体积）	10.19%（体积）
H₂O	15.01%（体积）	21.93%（体积）
CO₂	9.95%（体积）	1.01%（体积）
Ar	0.15%（体积）	0.16%（体积）
HCl	3350×10^-6	3470×10^-6
SO₂	708×10^-6	86.3×10^-6
NO	855×10^-6	855×10^-6
NO₂	44.9×10^-6	44.9×10^-6

参数	数值
煤炭开采
电力/(MJ/t)	91.04
水/(kg/t)	1672
钢材/(kg/t)	2.59
木材/(kg/t)	2.78
汽油/(kg/t)	0.37
柴油/(kg/t)	0.26
煤炭洗选
电力/(MJ/t)	15.66
水/(kg/t)	2730
锰/(kg/t)	2.72
煤炭运输
运输方式	铁路 + 公路
运输距离/km	100

消耗	消耗数值	排放	排放数值
混凝土	1.25 kg/MWh	氨	1.55×10^-6 kg/MWh
铝板	5.19×1010^-3 kg/MWh	二氧化碳	7.71×10^-1 kg/MWh
钢管	2.17×10^-2 kg/MWh	一氧化碳	2.97×10^-3 kg/MWh
钢板	1.58×10^-1 kg/MWh	灰尘	8.32×10^-4 kg/MWh
铁	2.94×10^-3 kg/MWh	铅	3.31×10^-8 kg/MWh
电力	6.69×10^-3 MJ/MWh	汞	5.83×10^-4 kg/MWh
热能	1.71×10^-3 MJ/MWh	甲烷	1.61×10^-3 kg/MWh
		氮氧化物	1.76×10^-5 kg/MWh
		二氧化硫	2.76×10^-3 kg/MWh
		六氟化硫	9.06×10^-12 kg/MWh
		挥发性有机化合物	6.08×10^-5 kg/MWh

消耗	消耗数值	排放	排放数值
混凝土	7.96×10^-3 kg/MWh	二氧化碳	6.74×10^-1 kg/MWh
铝板	2.06×10^-5 kg/MWh	二氧化硫	6.25×10^-2 kg/MWh
钢板	1.67×10^-5 kg/MWh	氮氧化物	4.19×10^-2 kg/MWh
铁	3.42×10^-5 kg/MWh	一氧化碳	1.78×10^-2 kg/MWh
电力	4.21×10^-4 MJ/MWh

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