带有突扩比的新型流道结构对海水激活电池性能影响研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251123

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

流道结构对确保电解液均匀分布和降低泵送功耗具有关键作用，直接影响海水激活电池的整体性能。本文在传统直通型流道结构的基础上，提出了三种带有突扩比特征的新型流道结构，搭建了适用于海水激活电池系统模拟的电化学-流多物理场耦合模型，并开展了相应的电池放电实验，以验证仿真结果的可靠性。进一步地，探究了电池在高电密运行条件下的电解液流动特性和电化学性能。研究结果表明：在电液流量为300 mL/min、电流密度600 mA/cm²的运行条件下，带有进出口非对称突扩型流道结构的海水激活电池表现出最优的综合性能：较高的电解液均匀因子（0.866）、最低的泵送功耗（19.92 mW）以及最长的有效放电时间（714s）。该新型流道结构在海水激活电池的工程应用中潜力显著。

关键词: 海水激活电池, 突扩比, 数值模拟, 流道结构, 对流, 传质, 电化学

Abstract:

The flow channel structure is crucial for ensuring the uniform distribution of the electrolyte and minimizing the pumping power consumption, which directly determines the performance of the seawater-activated battery. Based on the traditional straight-through flow channel structure, this paper proposes three new flow channel structures with expansion ratios. An electrochemical-fluid multi-physics coupling model suitable for the simulation of the seawater-activated battery system is established, and discharge performance experiments of the battery are carried out simultaneously for comparison and verification with the simulation results. Subsequently, this paper further explores the electrolyte flow characteristics and electrochemical performance of the battery during operation under high current density conditions. The results show that under the operating conditions of 300 mL/min electrolyte flow rate and 600 mA/cm² current density, the seawater-activated battery with the Inlet/Outlet asymmetric sudden expansion ratio flow channel structure exhibits a higher electrolyte uniformity factor (0.866), the lowest pumping power consumption (19.92 mW), and the longest effective discharge time (714 s). This novel flow channel structure shows significant potential in the engineering applications of seawater-activated batteries.

Key words: Seawater activated battery, Sudden expansion ratio, Numerical simulation, Flow channel, Convection, Mass transfer, Electrochemistry

中图分类号:

TM911.16

陈培强, 郑群, 姜玉廷, 陈今茂, 王旭东, 黄龙, 苏醒, 阮曼, 徐万里. 带有突扩比的新型流道结构对海水激活电池性能影响研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251123.

Peiqiang CHEN, Qun ZHENG, Yuting JIANG, Jinmao CHEN, Xudong WANG, Long HUANG, Xing SU, Man RUAN, Wanli XU. Study on the Impact of Novel Flow Channel Structure with Sudden-Expansion Ratio on Aqueous AgO-Al Battery[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251123.

图/表 11

图1 海水激活电池原理示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of Seawater activated battery

表1 模型几何参数

Table 1 Geometric parameters of the model

参数	数值
阳极长度/ mm	100
阳极宽度/ mm	100
阳极厚度/ mm	0.25
阴极长度/ mm	100
阴极宽度/ mm	100
阴极厚度/ mm	1
阴阳极间隔/ mm	0.5
进口直径/ mm	12
出口直径/ mm	12

图2 海水激活电池不同流道结构

Fig.2 Different flow channel of seawater activated battery with sudden expansion ratio

图3 网格及独立性验证

Fig.3 Computation mesh and independence verification

表2 电化学及动力学参数

Table 2 Electrochemical and kinetic parameters

参数	数值
开路电压	2.06 V
OH^-浓度	4.5 mol/L
阴极孔隙率	0.56
电解液密度	1250 kg/m³
电解液比热容	4182 J/kg·K
电解液动力粘性系数	0.0025 kg/m·s
压力	101325 Pa
运行温度	80 ℃

图4 模型可靠性

Fig.4 Model validation

图5 直通型流道的性能 (a) OH-离子浓度云图, (b) 电流密度云图, (c)速度云图, (d) 区域浓度分布, (e) 电流密度等高线图, (f) 近进口2mm处速度分布.

Fig.5 Performance of straight through type flow channel. (a) concentration distribution, (b) current density distribution, (c) velocity distribution, (d) regional concentration distribution, (e) current density contour distribution, (f) Velocity distribution at the inlet 2mm.

图6 进口突扩型流道的性能 (a) OH-离子浓度云图, (b) 电流密度云图, (c)速度云图, (d) 区域浓度分布, (e) 电流密度等高线图, (f) 近进口2mm处速度分布.

Fig.6 Performance of inlet sudden expansion type flow channel. (a) concentration distribution, (b) current density distribution, (c) velocity distribution, (d) regional concentration distribution, (e) current density contour distribution, (f) Velocity distribution at the inlet 2mm.

图7 进出口对称突扩型流道的性能 (a) OH-离子浓度云图, (b) 电流密度云图, (c)速度云图, (d) 区域浓度分布, (e) 电流密度等高线图, (f) 近进口2mm处速度分布.

Fig.7 Performance of inlet/outlet symmetric sudden expansion type flow channel. (a) concentration distribution, (b) current density distribution, (c) velocity distribution, (d) regional concentration distribution, (e) current density contour distribution, (f) Velocity distribution at the inlet 2mm.

图8 进出口非对称突扩型流道的性能 (a) OH-离子浓度云图, (b) 电流密度云图, (c)速度云图, (d) 区域浓度分布, (e) 电流密度等高线图, (f) 近进口2mm处速度分布.

Fig.8 Performance of inlet/outlet asymmetric sudden expansion type flow channel. (a) concentration distribution, (b) current density distribution, (c) velocity distribution, (d) regional concentration distribution, (e) current density contour distribution, (f) Velocity distribution at the inlet 2mm.

图9 不同流道结构的整体性能对比 (a) 放电电压-100 mL/min, (b) 放电电压-200 mL/min, (c) 放电电压-300 mL/min, (d) OH- 离子浓度, (e) 均匀因子, (f) 电解液利用率, (g) 压降, (h) 泵送功耗, (i) 能量密度.

Fig.9 The overall performance comparison of the different flow channel. (a) discharge voltage-100 mL/min, (b), discharge voltage-200 mL/min (c) discharge voltage-300 mL/min, (d) average concentration of OH-, (e) uniformity factor of OH-, (f) electrolyte utilization, (g) pressure drop, (h) pumping loss, (i) discharge energy density.

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