硅铝调控与晶种诱导对水热稳定飞灰中重金属的协同影响

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了选取的粉煤灰、膨润土、高岭土、硅藻土作为外源硅铝调理剂添加与雪硅钙石人工晶种诱导对150℃水热法稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr的协同影响。飞灰由于富钙而低硅铝的元素特征，导致其在水热条件下无法直接合成沸石类，Pb的浸出浓度仍然超标；当单一或混合添加硅铝调理剂添加量为10%时，其水热产物中有水钙铝榴石或加藤石生成；提高添加量至30%时，均有目标雪硅钙石的生成，这与30%添加量下飞灰中Ca/（Al+Si）元素比接近雪硅钙石的理想元素比值0.67~1.20直接相关。混合添加30%的粉煤灰与硅藻土为最佳选择，水热产物Pb的浸出浓度降低至0.30 mg·L^-1，且在此基础上再添加3%的诱导晶种可加速从第6 h开始即合成雪硅钙石，并使Pb的浸出浓度下降到最低值0.28 mg·L^-1。硅铝调控（30%的复合硅铝调理剂，其中粉煤灰：硅藻土为1：1）与晶种诱导的协同影响下高效生成雪硅钙石，并显著抑制Pb、Zn等在水热过程中向液相的转移、降低其在水热液相中的浓度，使飞灰中的重金属在水热后确实稳定于水热固相产物中而非迁移至水热液相造成污染转移，真正实现了飞灰中重金属的固定化。

关键词: 硅铝调理剂, 晶种诱导, 水热法, 垃圾焚烧飞灰, 重金属

Abstract:

Coal fly ash (CFA), bentonite, kaolin and diatomite were selected as silicon-aluminium additives and tobermorite crystal were synthesized as seed added. Synergistic effect of silicon-aluminium addition and seed-induced on stabilization of heavy metals including Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Cr in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash (FA) during hydrothermal process under 150℃ was studied. Zeolites could not be formed by hydrothermal treatment (HT) mainly due to the high content of Ca but low content of Si, Al in FA, which led to the leaching toxicity of Pb (5.45 mg·L^-1) beyond the limited value of non-hazardous waste. Hibschite or katoite were found in HT products with 10% mass of additives solely or combined added. Tobermorite could be successfully synthesized with higher 30% mass of additives solely or combined added, which was attributed to the proper element of Ca/(Al+Si) adjusted near 0.67-1.20. Leaching toxicity of Pb in HT products decreased to 0.30 mg·L^-1 with 30% mass of combined additives including CFA and diatomite(1:1), and it decreased to lowest level (0.28 mg·L^-1) with more 3% mass of seed added which owing to the effective synthesis of tobermorite from first 6 h. Furthermore, seed-induced hydrothermal treatment of FA with combined silicon-aluminium additives could cause the inhibition of heavy metals migration into liquid during hydrothermal process. The decrease of heavy metals in liquid phase, and the decrease of leaching toxicity of heavy metals in solid phase (HT products) were observed, which indicated that heavy metals were really stabled in solid phase.

Key words: silicon-aluminum additive, seed-induced, hydrothermal method, MSW incineration fly ash, heavy metals

中图分类号:

X799.3

石德智, 王攀, 胡春艳, 李鹏飞, 张超, 魏云梅, 古励. 硅铝调控与晶种诱导对水热稳定飞灰中重金属的协同影响[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(8): 3651-3661.

SHI Dezhi, WANG Pan, HU Chunyan, LI Pengfei, ZHANG Chao, WEI Yunmei, GU Li. Synergistic effect of silicon-aluminum addition and seed-induced on stabilization of heavy metals in MSW incineration fly ash during hydrothermal process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(8): 3651-3661.

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