用DIOSO从水溶液中萃取镉的研究

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180752

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究亚砜类化合物对水中重金属镉的萃取效率和萃取机理，报道了利用二异辛基亚砜(DIOSO)萃取水溶液中镉的情况，实验制备了DIOSO，以其为萃取剂探索其对水溶液中镉的萃取情况，得出最佳萃取条件，在此条件下最高萃取率为99.7%。为达到萃取剂的回收循环利用，实验研究了不同反萃剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的反萃情况，得出利用0.2 mol/L NaOH为反萃剂时能把有机相中的Cd(Ⅱ)全部洗脱出来，反萃率达99.86%。在此基础上，结合光谱和热力学分析，DIOSO对Cd(Ⅱ)的萃取过程可能是离子间发生了缔合作用。DIOSO对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的成功萃取，可以为工业废水污染中Cd(Ⅱ)的处理提供重要理论研究基础。

关键词: 二异辛基亚砜, 溶剂萃取, 回收, 镉(Ⅱ), 废物处理

Abstract:

To investigate the extraction efficiency and extraction mechanism of sulfoxide compounds in heavy metal cadmium in water, the extraction of cadmium in aqueous solution by diisooctyl sulfoxide (DIOSO) was reported. DIOSO was prepared and used as an extractant to explore its aqueous solution. Under this condition, a maximum extraction percentage was 99.7 %. To the recycling of extractant, we also carried out cadmium stripping experiments with different stripping agents, the results demonstrated that nearly all of the Cd(Ⅱ) ( 99.86%) in the organic phase could be reverse extracted into the aqueous phase when the NaOH concentration reached 0.2 mol/L. On this basis, combining spectrum and thermodynamic analysis, the extraction process of Cd (Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by DIOSO may be happened between ion associations. Successfully extracted of Cd(Ⅱ) by DIOSO could provide important theoretical research foundation to heavy metals Cd(Ⅱ) in industrial wastewater pollution.

Key words: DIOSO, solvent extraction, recovery, Cd(Ⅱ), waste treatment

中图分类号:

O 661.1
X 75

李学玲, 刘兴元, 赵锋, 张建强. 用DIOSO从水溶液中萃取镉的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1464-1471.

Xueling LI, Xingyuan LIU, Feng ZHAO, Jianqiang ZHANG. Extraction of cadmium(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by DIOSO[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4): 1464-1471.

图/表 16

图1 萃取平衡时间对Cd(Ⅱ)萃取率的影响

Fig.1 Effect of shaking time on cadmium(Ⅱ) extraction

图2 DIOSO和HCl浓度对Cd(Ⅱ)萃取率的影响

Fig.2 Effect of DIOSO and HCl concentration on cadmium(Ⅱ) extraction

图3 振荡速度对Cd(Ⅱ)萃取率的影响

Fig.3 Effect of shaking rate on cadmium (Ⅱ) extraction

图4 相比对Cd(Ⅱ)萃取的影响

Fig.4 Effect of phase ratio on cadmium (Ⅱ) extraction

图5 金属离子浓度对Cd(Ⅱ)萃取的影响

Fig.5 Effect of cadmium concentration on aqueous extraction

图6 30%亚砜萃取Cd(Ⅱ)的平衡等温线

Fig.6 Equilibrium isotherm for Cd(Ⅱ) extraction using a 30% DIOSO system

表1 稀释剂对Cd(Ⅱ)萃取率的影响

Table 1 Effect of diluent on Cd(Ⅱ) extraction

稀释剂	E/%
煤油	99.4
正己烷	99.38
正庚烷	99.47
甲苯	90.97
二甲苯	93.13
二氯甲烷	84.93
三氯甲烷	84.97

图7 温度对Cd(Ⅱ)萃取的影响

Fig.7 Effect of temperature on cadmium(Ⅱ) extraction

表2 不同温度下DIOSO萃取Cd的热力学常数

Table 2 Thermodynamic constants of Cd extraction with DIOSO at different temperatures

T/K	ΔH/(kJ/mol)	ΔG/(kJ/mol)	ΔS/(J/(mol·K))
293	-98.8	-14.2	-288.8
298	-98.8	-12.7	-289
303	-98.8	-11.1	-289.3
313	-98.8	-8.4	-288.7
323	-988	-5.4	-289

表3 不同反萃剂与反萃率的关系

Table 3 Table 3 Relationship between different stripping agents and stripping rate

反萃剂	S/%
HCl	97
H₂SO₄	89.9
NaOH	97.9
CH₃COONH₄	94.5
EDTA	93.4
H₂O	93.8

表4 NaOH浓度对反萃率的影响

Table 4 Effect of sodium hydroxide concentration on cadmium stripping

C _NaOH/(mol/L)	反萃率/%
0.05	94.46
0.1	98.41
0.2	99.86

图8 DIOSO负载Cd(Ⅱ)前后的红外光谱

Fig.8 IR spectra of DIOSO

图9 正庚烷稀释的DIOSO(a)和30%DIOSO-正庚烷载镉有机相(b)的紫外光谱

Fig.9 UV spectra of DIOSO diluted with heptane(a) and 30% DIOSO–heptane organic phase loaded with Cd (b)

图10 不同盐酸浓度下lg[DIOSO]随lgD Cd变化关系

Fig.10 Variation in lgD Cd with lg[DIOSO] at different hydrochloric acid concentrations

图11 镉络合物在不同浓度HCl溶液中的分布(离子强度I=3 mol/L)

Fig.11 Distribution of cadmium chloride complexes at various hydrochloric acid concentrations (ionic strength I = 3 mol/L)

图12 HCl浓度对Cd(Ⅱ)萃取率的影响

Fig.12 Effect of hydrochloric acid concentration on Cd(Ⅱ) extraction

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