活性炭/石墨辅助污泥电渗脱水研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230354

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以活性炭、石墨以及两者不同比例的混合物为添加剂，研究了不同配比添加剂对污泥电渗脱水性能以及滤液品质［总有机碳（TOC）含量、重金属浓度、有机物组成等］的影响机理。结果表明，活性炭与石墨都能够提升污泥的脱水性与导电性，其中相较于石墨，单独投加活性炭对泥饼的含水率降低最为明显，当投加量为5%污泥干重（DS）时，脱水效果最优，泥饼真实含水率由无投加时的46.0%（质量）降为42.2%（质量），污泥表观含水率降为41.0%（质量）。活性炭或石墨投加可显著降低阴极电渗滤液的TOC和重金属浓度，其中活性炭效果最优，石墨效果最弱。当活性炭投加量从0%DS增加至20%DS时，阴极滤液TOC含量从3740.4 mg/L降至2160.0 mg/L，而Cu、Mn、Cr、Ni、Cd、Zn、Hg和Pb等重金属元素浓度的降幅为57%~100%。研究成果将为含碳材料强化污泥电渗脱水提供基础数据支撑，并为污泥电渗脱水技术推广应用奠定理论基础。

关键词: 电渗透, 活性炭, 石墨, 污泥脱水, 滤液, 废物处理, 电化学

Abstract:

Using activated carbon, graphite, and their mixtures in different proportions as additives, the mechanism of influence of different proportions of additives on sludge electro-osmotic dewatering performance and filtrate quality (total organic carbon (TOC) content, heavy metal concentration, organic composition, etc.) was studied. The results indicated that both graphite and activated carbon can increase the dewatering performance and conductivity of sludge. Compared with graphite, activated carbon showed the most obvious impact on lowering the moisture content of sludge cake. The optimal dewatering performance was achieved when the dose of carbon materials was set at 5% of dry sludge mass (DS), and the real moisture content of sludge cake was decreased from 46.0%(mass) to 42.2%(mass), while the apparent moisture content was decreased to 41.0%(mass). The addition of activated carbon or graphite can significantly reduce the TOC and heavy metal concentration of cathodic electrodialysis, the effect of activated carbon is the best, and the effect of graphite is the weakest. The TOC content of the cathodic filtrate decreased from 3740.4 mg/L to 2160.0 mg/L when the dose of activated carbon was increased from 0%DS to 20%DS, whereas the concentrations of heavy metals like Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn, Hg, and Pb decreased by 57%—100%. The research findings will provide fundamental data support for enhancing sludge electro-dewatering through carbon-containing materials and establish a theoretical foundation for the promotion and application of sludge electro-osmotic dewatering technology.

Key words: electro-osmosis, activated carbon, graphite, sludge dewatering, filtrate, waste treatment, electrochemistry

中图分类号:

X 705

屈园浩, 邓文义, 谢晓丹, 苏亚欣. 活性炭/石墨辅助污泥电渗脱水研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 3038-3050.

Yuanhao QU, Wenyi DENG, Xiaodan XIE, Yaxin SU. Study on electro-osmotic dewatering of sludge assisted by activated carbon/graphite[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 3038-3050.

图/表 12

表1 污泥基本性质

Table 1 Basic properties of sludge

含水率/%（质量）	pH	电导率/(μS/cm)	灰分（干基）/%（质量）	挥发分（干基）/%（质量）	固定碳（干基）/%（质量）
80.0±0.5	7.2±0.1	1175±50	45.9±0.5	47.8±0.5	6.3±0.5

图1 电渗脱水装置1—压力传感器;2—热电偶;3—密封胶圈;4—钌铱钛阳极板;5—活塞;6—滤布;7—污泥样品;8—下过滤板;9—不锈钢阴极网;10—烧杯;11—电子天平;12—压片机支架;13—底座;14—千斤顶;15—绝缘套筒;16—金属套筒;17—电流探头;18—信号发生器;19—示波器;20—功率放大器;21—压力值数显表;22—温度数显;23—电压表

Fig.1 Electro-osmotic dewatering device1—pressure sensor; 2—thermocouple; 3—sealing apron; 4—ruthenium iridium titanium anode plate; 5—piston; 6—filter cloth; 7—sludge sample; 8—bottom filter plate; 9—stainless steel cathode mesh; 10—beaker; 11—electronic balance; 12—bracket; 13—base; 14—jack; 15—insulating sleeve; 16—metal sleeve; 17—current probe; 18—signal generator; 19—oscilloscope; 20—power amplifier; 21—digital display of pressure value; 22—digital display of temperature; 23—voltmeter

表2 预实验结果

Table 2 The results of pre-experiments

粒径/mm	含水率/%（质量）
<0.056	41.8±0.2
0.056~0.1	41.0±0.2
0.1~0.335	41.3±0.2
0.335~0.5	42.0±0.2
0.5~0.8	42.5±0.2
0.8~1	42.1±0.2

图2 电渗脱水污泥含水率（a）、总滤液质量（b）、pH（c）随添加剂投加量的变化以及能耗变化曲线（d）

Fig.2 Water content of sewage sludge (a), filtrate content of cathode and anode (b) and pH of filtrate (c) from electro-osmotic dewatering with different percentage of additives, and energy consumption change curve (d)

图3 不同实验条件下阴极滤液流量

Fig.3 Flowrate of cathodic filtrate

图4 活性炭与石墨的不同投加量对污泥脱水过程中电渗电流的影响

Fig.4 Influence of dosage of activated carbon and graphite on the current of sludge during electro-osmotic dewatering

图5 含碳材料添加对污泥温度的影响

Fig.5 Effect of carbon materials on sludge temperature

图6 含碳材料添加对泥饼两端电压的影响

Fig.6 Effect of carbon material on the voltage between the two sides of sludge cake

图7 污泥电渗脱水后阴极滤液TOC值

Fig.7 TOC values of cathodic filtrate from sludge electro-osmotic dewatering

图8 阴极滤液3D-EEM谱图[（a）~（e）]和荧光强度随投加量的变化关系[（g）,（f）]

Fig.8 3D-EEM spectra of cathodic filtrate [(a)—(e)], and variation of fluorescence intensity with additives [(g), (f)]

图9 阴极滤液中重金属含量

Fig.9 Heavy metal contents in cathodic filtrate

图10 泥饼阳极面[（a）~（e）]和阴极面[（f）~（j）]形貌

Fig.10 Morphology of anode [(a)—(e)] and cathode [(f)—(j)] surfaces of sludge cake

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