一种自适应柱状密封气膜特性分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提出一种自适应柱状气膜密封，构建气膜-密封环为研究对象，考虑了偏心间隙发散问题，并定义Rayleigh台阶对气膜周期的突变性，建立了气膜雷诺方程和膜厚变化函数关系式的动力润滑数值模型，获得了摩擦副气膜润滑特性，研究结果表明：气膜力随转速和压力升高而增加，泄漏量随压力升高而增加但是随转速增加而下降，说明密封内部压力流占主导地位。随后，利用曲面槽型雕刻技术，结合高速试验台对密封进行测试，结果表明：理论计算模型与试验结果吻合度较高，斜槽区域存在更多擦痕与磨损，说明斜槽浮动性弱于直列槽；但斜槽的切向流动小于直列槽，导致斜槽泄漏量小于直列槽。该研究成果为自适应柱状气膜密封的气体流动规律和应用提供了理论基础。

关键词: 柱面, 微槽, 气膜, 润滑, 试验, 磨损

Abstract:

An adaptive cylindrical gas film seal is proposed. Consider the problem of eccentric gas film convergence and define the abrupt change of the Rayleigh step to the gas film cycle, the relationship between the Reynold equation and the film thickness function is established, and the lubrication characteristics of friction pair are obtained. The results show that the gas bearing force is increase with speed and pressure, the leakage increases with increasing pressure but decreases with increasing speed. It is thus concluded that the internal pressure flow of the seal is dominant. Subsequently, the curved groove engraving technique is proposed, and the experiment is carried out. The results show that there are obvious scratches and wear in the chute groove, and the gas bearing force of chute groove is weaker than the straight groove, but the leakage of chute groove is smaller than the straight groove. It shows that the tangential flow of the chute groove is smaller than that of the straight groove, which results in the leakage of the chute groove is smaller than that of the straight groove. At the same time, the theoretical calculation model is agreeing well with the experimental results. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the application of adaptive cylindrical gas film seals.

Key words: cylinder, microgroove, gas film, lubrication, experiment, friction

中图分类号:

TB 42

陆俊杰, 张炜, 谢方民, 焦永峰. 一种自适应柱状密封气膜特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 346-354.

Junjie LU, Wei ZHANG, Fangmin XIE, Yongfeng JIAO. Performance analysis of gas film of adaptive cylindrical seal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 346-354.

图/表 15

图1 自适应柱状气膜密封的结构示意图 1—轴；2—旋转环；3—定位销；4—弹簧；5—浮环；6—端盖；7—密封腔

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of adaptive cylindrical gas film seal

图2 自适应柱状气膜密封的几何模型

Fig.2 Physical model of adaptive cylindrical gas film seal

图3 槽型结构示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of groove structure

表1 自适应柱状气膜密封结构参数和气体参数

Table 1 Structure and gas property parameters of adaptive cylindrical gas film seal

Symbol	Structure parameter	Value	Symbol	Gas parameter	Value
R	outer radius of rotating ring	0.025 m	T ₀	ambient temperature	298 K
L	length of floating ring	0.052 m	p_l	ambient pressure	101325 Pa
C	average film thickness	5×10^-6 m	μ ₀	viscosity	1.8×10^-5 Pa·s
ε	eccentricity	0.6	ρ ₀	density	1.1452 kg/m³
n _r	rotating speed	10000—50000 r/min	p _h	gas pressure-in pressure	0—0.6 MPa

表2 槽型结构参数

Table 2 Structure parameters of groove

Groove number

Groove

depth

Groove

length

Groove

width

Spiral

angle

图4 斜槽气膜压力分布

Fig.4 Gas film pressure of chute groove

图5 直列槽气膜压力分布

Fig.5 Gas film pressure of straight groove

图7 槽型受力简化图

Fig.7 Simplified diagram of groove forces

图6 气膜浮升力和泄漏量随转速变化规律

Fig.6 Variation of gas film force and leakage with speed

图8 气膜力和泄漏量随压力变化规律

Fig.8 Variation of gas film force and leakage with pressure

图9 槽型雕刻与流程图

Fig.9 Process of groove engraving

图10 试验台示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of test bench

图11 表面擦痕图

Fig.11 Surface scratch of rotating ring

图12 斜槽与直列槽泄漏量随转速变化的试验值与理论值

Fig.12 Experimental and theoretical values of the leakage with speed

图13 斜槽与直列槽泄漏量随压力变化的试验值与理论值

Fig.13 Experimental and theoretical values of the leakage with pressure

参考文献 26

1	Ludwig L P . Gas path sealing in turbine engines[J]. ASLE Transactions, 1978, 23(1): 1-22.
2	Zaichikov A F . Design of mobile seals of gas chambers of cylinders[J]. Russian Engineering Research, 2007, 27(7): 452-453.
3	Miller B . Sealing system and cylinder-head gasket for a reciprocating engine[J]. Sealing Technology, 2010, (10): 14.
4	Green I . Floating segmented seal[J]. Sealing Technology, 2014(9): 13-14.
5	Shapiro W , Walowit J . Numerical, analytical , experimental study of fliud dynamic forces in seals[R]. NASA CR, 2004.
6	Muijderman E A . Spiral Groove Bearings[M]. US: Springer, 2013: 17-21.
7	Duan W , Chu F , Kim C H , et al . A bulk-flow analysis of static and dynamic characteristics of floating ring seals[J]. Tribology International, 2007, 40(3): 470-478.
8	Wang X Y , Shi L P , Dai Q W , et al . Multi-objective optimization on dimple shapes for gas face seals[J]. Tribology International, 2018, 123: 216-223.
9	Shen C , Khonsari M M . Texture shape optimization for seal-like parallel surfaces: theory and experiment[J]. Tribology Transactions, 2016, 59(4): 1-32.
10	Nagai K , Kaneko S , Taura H , et al . Numerical and experimental analyses of static characteristics for liquid annular seals with helical grooves in seal stator[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2018, 140(3): 032201-16.
11	AndrÃcs L S , Lu X , Liu Q . Measurements of flow rate and force coefficients in a short-length annular seal supplied with a liquid/gas mixture [J]. Tribology Transactions, 2016, 59(4): 758-767.
12	Childs D W , Wade J . Rotordynamic-coefficient and leakage characteristics for hole-pattern-stator annular gas seals—measurements versus predictions[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2004, 126(2): 326-333.
13	Childs D W , Torres J M , Bullock J T . Static and rotordynamic characteristics of liquid annular seals with a circumferentially-grooved stator and smooth rotor using three levels of circumferential inlet-fluid rotation[C]//Oslo, Norway: Proceedings of the Asme Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. 2018.
14	Mihai A , Manh H N , David T , et al . Analytic modeling of floating ring annular seals[J]. ASME Transactions Journal of Engineering Gas Turbines and Power, 2012, 134(5): 052507-052515.
15	Mariot A , Arghir M , Hélies P , et al . Experimental analysis of floating ring annular seals and comparisons with theoretical predictions[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power, 2015, 138(4): 042503-042503-9.
16	Wu D Z , Jiang X K , Li S Y , et al . A new transient CFD method for determining the dynamic coefficients of liquid annular seals[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology, 2016, 30(8): 3477-3486.
17	赵亚飞, 李晓明 . 基于多元线性回归的柱面气膜密封跑道优化设计[J]. 燃气涡轮试验与研究, 2014, (4): 31-34.
	Zhao Y F , Li X M . Optimum design of the rotor of cylindrical gas seal based on the multivariate linear regression method[J]. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2014, (4): 31-34.
18	王伟, 赵宗坚, 张振生 . 单环圆周密封装置设计和应用研究[J]. 航空发动机, 2009, 35(4): 7-11.
	Wang W , Zhao Z J , Zhang Z S . Design and application of single circumferential seal[J]. Aero-Engine, 2009, 35(4): 7-11.
19	Huang W F , Lin Y B , Gao Z , et al . An acoustic emission study on the starting and stopping processes of a dry gas seal for pump[J]. Tribology Letters, 2013, 49(2): 379-384.
20	Huang W F , Lin Y B , Liu Y , et al . Face rub-impact monitoring of a dry gas seal using acoustic emission[J]. Tribology Letters, 2013, 52(2): 253-259.
21	力宁, 彭最花, 贺玲, 等 . 航空发动机高温高速密封试验台研制[J]. 润滑与密封, 2014, 39(6): 121-123.
	Li N , Peng Z H , He L , et al . Development of high-temperature and high-speed seal test rig of aeroengine[J]. Lubricatoin and Seal, 2014, 39(6): 121-123.
22	陆俊杰 . 新型浮动式柱面微槽气膜密封的动力润滑特性研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2018.
	Lu J J . Study on dynamic lubrication characteristics of a new floating cylinder micro groove gas film seal[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University of Technology, 2018.
23	丁雪兴, 贺振泓, 张伟政, 等 . 柱面螺旋槽气膜密封微尺度流动场稳态特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(4): 1537-1546.
	Ding X X , He Z H , Zhang W Z , et al . Parameters analysis of steady micro-scale flow of cylindrical spiral groove dry gas seal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(4): 1537-1546.
24	江锦波, 陈源, 徐奇超, 等 . 干气密封螺旋槽衍生结构演变规律与工况适用性[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2018, 38(3): 264-273.
	Jiang J B , Chen Y , Xu Q C , et al . Evolution rule and working applicability of typical derived structures of spiral groove dry gas seal[J]. Tribology, 2018, 38(3): 264-273.
25	Bai S X , Peng X D , Li Y F , et al . Gas lubrication analysis method of step-dimpled face mechanical seals[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2012, 134(1): 011702-011710.
26	Qiu Y , Khonsari M M . Investigation of tribological behaviors of annular rings with spiral groove[J]. Tribology International, 2011, 44(12): 1610-1619.

[1]	何松, 刘乔迈, 谢广烁, 王斯民, 肖娟. 高浓度水煤浆管道气膜减阻两相流模拟及代理辅助优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[2]	赵志萍, 陈晨, 汤琼, 徐红, 刘雷, 董晋湘. 多己基萘/聚α-烯烃锂基润滑脂的流变学和摩擦学性能[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2555-2564.
[3]	丁俊华, 俞树荣, 王世鹏, 洪先志, 包鑫, 丁雪兴. 多重效应下超高速干气密封流场模拟及密封性能试验[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 2088-2099.
[4]	张伟政, 赵吉军, 马学忠, 张琦璇, 庞益祥, 张俊涛. 湍流效应对高速机械密封端面型槽冷却性能影响分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(3): 1228-1238.
[5]	崔敬泽, 汤琼, 陈晨, 刘宇婕, 徐红, 刘雷, 董晋湘. 高黏度烷基苊基础油的合成及润滑性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(8): 3659-3668.
[6]	范小强, 黄正梁, 孙婧元, 王靖岱, 王晓飞, 胡晓波, 韩国栋, 阳永荣, 吴文清. 气液法流化床乙烯云聚合工艺开发及产品高性能化[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(6): 2742-2747.
[7]	徐洁, 俞树荣, 丁雪兴, 蒋海涛, 丁俊华. 基于波箔片变形的浮动式箔片气膜密封性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(5): 2083-2093.
[8]	王学良, 刘美红, 熊忠汾, 李鑫. 考虑表面粗糙度的柔性箔柱面气膜密封紊流特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(4): 1683-1694.
[9]	宋伟, 李万佳, 俞树荣, 马荣荣. 热力耦合下TC4合金微动磨损行为影响的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1324-1334.
[10]	李广, 庄大伟, 谢丽懿, 丁国良, 郑立宇, 龙春仙, 江波. 含油R32管内流动沸腾换热特性测试及关联式开发[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 612-621.
[11]	周楠, 王簪, 邵应娟, 钟文琪. 煤沥青球气固流化磨损特性实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 587-594.
[12]	张志敏, 丁雪兴, 张兰霞, 力宁, 司佳鑫. 浮环密封端面分形磨损预估模型及数值分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5526-5536.
[13]	孟祥铠, 孟令超, 马艺, 江锦波, 彭旭东. 多孔质机械密封耦合润滑模型与密封性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4576-4584.
[14]	马秋鸣, 聂磊, 潘权稳, 山訸, 曹伟亮, 王强, 王如竹. 电动汽车电池冷却器换热性能[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 170-177.
[15]	王兆奇, 李孟山, 胡海涛, 魏文建. 双排对折型微通道换热器仿真模型开发[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 113-119.