湍流效应对高速机械密封端面型槽冷却性能影响分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221377

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高速工况下密封间隙内流体黏性生热严重且流动行为复杂，流体流动状态是影响跨尺度间隙流固传热过程和温度分布的关键因素之一，应用ANSYS Fluent软件在湍流与层流计算模型下建立了环形槽与螺旋槽复合式端面构型(ASG)的三维热流体动力润滑(THD)模型，对比了两模型下螺旋槽的冷却性能差异与环形槽的降温作用，以此揭示了流动状态对端面型槽冷却作用的影响机理，分析了型槽几何参数对两模型下温度场及密封性能的影响规律。结果表明：湍流模型下深螺旋槽内存在的大片死流体区阻碍了槽口冷流体进入到槽根部，致使螺旋槽对间隙内高温流体的冷却作用衰减；层流模型下深螺旋槽内充满更多的冷流体，冷却作用较强。内径侧环形槽在两模型下均具有显著的降温作用，且随槽深、槽宽的适当增加其降温作用得到强化；持续增加螺旋槽槽深并不能达到持续降温的目的。液膜温度峰值在湍流模型下的预测值高于层流模型29~40 K。

关键词: 机械密封, 热流体动力润滑, 湍流, 层流, 环形槽, 螺旋槽, 计算流体动力学

Abstract:

Under high-speed conditions, the viscous heat generation of the fluid in the sealing gap is serious and the flow behavior is complex. The fluid flow state is one of the key factors affecting the fluid-solid heat transfer process and temperature distribution in the cross-scale clearance. A 3D thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication (THD) model of annular groove and spiral groove compound end configuration (ASG) is established by using ANSYS Fluent under turbulence and laminar flow computational models. The cooling performance difference of the spiral groove and the cooling effect of the annular groove under the two models are compared, thus the influence mechanism of the fluid flow state on the cooling effect of the end groove is revealed. The effects of groove geometric parameters on temperature field and sealing performance under the two models are analyzed. The results show that the large dead fluid zone in the deep spiral groove under the turbulence model hinders the cold fluid from entering the root of the groove, resulting in the attenuation of the cooling effect of the spiral groove on the high temperature fluid in the sealing clearance. Under the laminar flow model, the deep spiral groove is filled with more cold fluid, and the cooling effect is stronger. The annular groove has a significant cooling effect under the two models, and the cooling effect is enhanced with the appropriate increase of groove depth and width. The continuous increase of spiral groove depth can’t achieve the purpose of continuous cooling, and the predicted value of the peak temperature of liquid film under the turbulence model is 29—40 K higher than that of the laminar flow model.

Key words: mechanical seal, THD, turbulent flow, laminar flow, annular groove, spiral groove, CFD

中图分类号:

TH 117.2

张伟政, 赵吉军, 马学忠, 张琦璇, 庞益祥, 张俊涛. 湍流效应对高速机械密封端面型槽冷却性能影响分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(3): 1228-1238.

Weizheng ZHANG, Jijun ZHAO, Xuezhong MA, Qixuan ZHANG, Yixiang PANG, Juntao ZHANG. Analysis of turbulence effect on face groove cooling performance of high-speed mechanical seals[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 1228-1238.

图/表 15

图1 几何模型

Fig.1 Geometric model

表1 几何及操作参数

Table 1 Geometric and operating parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
密封环内径r_i/mm	40	密封间隙h₀/μm	10
环形槽内径r_a1/mm 环形槽外径r_a2/mm	41 44	环形槽槽深h_a/μm 螺旋槽槽深h_g/μm	100 100
螺旋槽槽根半径r_g/mm	45	螺旋槽个数N_g	12
密封环外径r_o/mm	50	转速n/(r/min)	25000
螺旋槽槽坝比β	0.5	内径侧压力p_i/MPa	0.1
螺旋槽槽宽比γ 螺旋角α/(°)	0.5 18	外径侧压力p_o/MPa 密封介质	2.0 水

表2 THD分析物性参数

Table 2 Physical parameters in THD analysis

参数	数值	参数	数值
动环材料静环材料	不锈钢碳石墨	静环比热容c_S/(J/(kg‧K)) 介质比热容c_F/(J/(kg‧K))	670 4200
动环厚度b_R/mm	5	动环密度ρ_R/(kg/m³)	7930
静环厚度b_S/mm	5	静环密度ρ_S/(kg/m³)	2400
动环热导率k_R/(W/(m‧K)) 静环热导率k_S/(W/(m‧K))	15 20	黏温系数 $α_{T}$ /K^-1 冲洗液速度U_f/(m/s)	0.0175 7
介质热导率k_F/(W/(m‧K))	0.65	介质温度T₀/K	303.16
动环比热容c_R/(J/(kg‧K))	500	环境温度T_L/K	303.16

表2 THD分析物性参数

Table 2 Physical parameters in THD analysis

参数	数值	参数	数值
动环材料静环材料	不锈钢碳石墨	静环比热容c_S/(J/(kg‧K)) 介质比热容c_F/(J/(kg‧K))	670 4200
动环厚度b_R/mm	5	动环密度ρ_R/(kg/m³)	7930
静环厚度b_S/mm	5	静环密度ρ_S/(kg/m³)	2400
动环热导率k_R/(W/(m‧K)) 静环热导率k_S/(W/(m‧K))	15 20	黏温系数 $α_{T}$ /K^-1 冲洗液速度U_f/(m/s)	0.0175 7
介质热导率k_F/(W/(m‧K))	0.65	介质温度T₀/K	303.16
动环比热容c_R/(J/(kg‧K))	500	环境温度T_L/K	303.16

图2 计算域及边界条件

Fig.2 Computing domain and boundary conditions

图3 液膜温度峰值验证

Fig.3 Verification of peak liquid film temperature

图4 网格无关性验证

Fig.4 Mesh independence verification

图5 型槽内流线分布

Fig.5 Fluid streamline distribution of the groove zone

图6 压力分布

Fig.6 Pressure distribution

图7 压力分布曲线

Fig.7 Pressure distribution curve

图8 温度分布

Fig.8 Temperature distribution

图9 ASG流线分布

Fig.9 ASG fluid streamline distribution

图10 温度分布曲线

Fig.10 Temperature distribution curve

图11 螺旋槽槽深的影响

Fig.11 Influence of spiral groove depth

图12 环形槽槽深的影响

Fig.12 Influence of annular groove depth

图13 环形槽槽宽的影响

Fig.13 Influence of annular groove width

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