矿石资源中锂的提取与回收研究进展

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180465

化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (1): 10-23.DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180465

矿石资源中锂的提取与回收研究进展

苏慧^1,^2,³(),朱兆武^1,²(),王丽娜^1,²,齐涛^1,²()

1. 中国科学院过程工程研究所湿法冶金清洁生产技术国家工程实验室，北京 100190
2. 中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室，北京 100190
3. 中国科学院大学化工学院，北京 101408

收稿日期:2018-05-03 修回日期:2018-10-08 出版日期:2019-01-05 发布日期:2019-01-05
通讯作者: 朱兆武,齐涛
作者简介:苏慧（1993—），女，博士研究生, <email>suhuipiaoliang@163.com</email>|朱兆武（1966—），男，研究员，<email>zhwzhu@ipe.ac.cn</email>|齐涛（1966—），男，研究员，<email>tqi@ipe.ac.cn</email>
基金资助:
中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC021);中国科学院创新交叉团队项目;国家自然科学基金项目(51774260，21506233，21606241)

Research progress in extraction and recovery of lithium from hard-rock ores

Hui SU^1,^2,³(),Zhaowu ZHU^1,²(),Lina WANG^1,²,Tao QI^1,²()

1. Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China
2. Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

Received:2018-05-03 Revised:2018-10-08 Online:2019-01-05 Published:2019-01-05
Contact: Zhaowu ZHU,Tao QI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来锂的开发随着新型能源的大规模应用得到快速发展。锂矿石是提取锂产品的主要来源之一，矿石提锂高效清洁工艺开发与资源综合利用是该领域发展的必然趋势。在分析锂矿石组成及结构特点的基础上，对酸法、碱法、盐法等典型提锂工艺进行了综述，重点讨论了锂生产过程中存在的环境污染及资源综合利用问题。酸法提锂工艺中锂回收率高，但酸性浸出液成分复杂，纯化步骤流程长，含氟矿石产生含氟气体污染环境。碱法和盐法工艺选择性好，但锂回收率较低、成本高、渣量大。除此以外，其他方法都存在明显的优缺点，如高温氯化法回收率高，渣的利用具有一定优势，但设备腐蚀严重。因此，矿石提锂新工艺的开发重点在于减少废渣的产出，并实现伴生资源的综合回收。

关键词: 锂矿石, 锂提取, 沉淀, 回收, 污染, 综合利用

Abstract:

Lithium is widely used in new types of energy materials and the applications are growing fast. Lithium hard-rock ores are the main resources for lithium production. The trend of lithium recovery from the ores is to realize cleaning and effective production, and resource comprehensive utilizations. Based on the composition and structure analysis of various kinds of lithium ores, its recovery by a variety of methods, such as, typically, acidic, alkaline, salt were reviewed. Future development for the techniques of lithium recovery from ores was also discussed. It is shown that the lithium extraction by acidic methods was usually high. However, the composition of the acidic leachate was complex, resulting in a long process of purification of lithium. It also could cause environmental pollution by off-gas when processing the ores containing fluorine. Alkali and salt based processes had good lithium selectivity, but its extraction was low and the cost was high, and large amounts of solid wastes were generated difficult to store and re-use. Some other methods have both advantages and disadvantages, such as high-temperature chlorination method which has high metal recovery and ready solid residue utilization but has high corrosiveness to the equipment. Therefore, the development of new processes for extracting lithium from ore is focused on reducing the output of waste residue and achieving comprehensive recovery of associated resources.

Key words: lithiumores, lithium extraction, precipitation, recovery, pollution, comprehensive utilization

中图分类号:

TF 046

苏慧, 朱兆武, 王丽娜, 齐涛. 矿石资源中锂的提取与回收研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(1): 10-23.

Hui SU, Zhaowu ZHU, Lina WANG, Tao QI. Research progress in extraction and recovery of lithium from hard-rock ores[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(1): 10-23.

图/表 2

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矿石资源中锂的提取与回收研究进展

Research progress in extraction and recovery of lithium from hard-rock ores

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