节流参数对液氮贮箱热力排气系统运行特性的影响

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181509

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究低温推进剂贮箱的控压特性和热力排气系统的运行特性，搭建了一套以液氮为贮存工质的低温流体高效贮存平台，用于模拟液氧贮箱在热力排气系统运行下的压力变化规律。采用单一变量控制法，进行了不同节流比和节流形式下的液氮贮箱热力排气系统控压的实验研究。分析了不同节流参数下液氮贮箱的压力、温度变化特性和排气质量损失。研究发现，当节流比从2%增大到16%时，系统运行占空比从3.42减小到了2.31，但流体损失量也从0.5%增加到了3.3%。以减少系统工作时间和流体质量损失为原则，得到了液相节流条件下热力排气系统的最优节流比为8%。节流开度同样对热力排气系统的制冷量影响明显，小开度带来的大压差有利于提高系统制冷量。

关键词: 液氮贮箱, 压力控制, 节流, 实验研究

Abstract:

In order to investigate the pressure control behavior of cryogenic propellant tank and operating performance of thermodynamic vent system (TVS), a set of high-efficiency cryogenic fluid storage platform with liquid nitrogen as storage medium was set up, to simulate the pressure variations of liquid oxygen tank under the operation of TVS. The single variable control method was used to carry out the experimental research, which concentrate on the pressure control of TVS in a liquid nitrogen (LN₂) tank with different throttle rates and modes. The pressure, temperature variations and vent mass loss of LN₂ tank under different throttling parameters were analyzed. It was found that the duty rate of TVS decreases significantly with the increase of throttle rate, and the cooling capacity of the system is increased, which greatly reduces the TVS operating time. Based on the principle of reducing the working time and fluid mass loss, the optimal throttling ratio of TVS is obtained. On the other hand, the throttle opening has a remarkable influence on the cooling power of TVS, the large pressure difference helps to improve the cooling power.

Key words: liquid nitrogen tank, pressure control, throttle, experimental investigation

中图分类号:

V 511.6

汪彬, 李江道, 黄永华, 吴静怡, 王天祥, 雷刚. 节流参数对液氮贮箱热力排气系统运行特性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(S2): 101-107.

Bin WANG, Jiangdao LI, Yonghua HUANG, Jingyi WU, Tianxiang WANG, Gang LEI. Effect of throttle parameters on operating performance of thermodynamic vent system in liquid nitrogen tank[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S2): 101-107.

图/表 9

图1 自增压测量系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of TVS experimental setup

表1 贮箱内温度计分布位置

Table 1 Positions of temperature sensors inside test tank

Position	r /m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m
T1	-0.10	1.91	T8	-0.10	1.35	T15	-0.10	0.63	T22	0	1.15
T2	-0.10	1.83	T9	-0.10	1.29	T16	-0.10	0.45	T23	-0.20	1.15
T3	-0.10	1.75	T10	-0.10	1.23	T17	0.10	1.75	T24	-0.30	1.15
T4	-0.10	1.67	T11	-0.10	1.15	T18	0	1.75	T25	0.10	0.45
T5	-0.10	1.59	T12	-0.10	1.05	T19	-0.20	1.75	T26	0	0.45
T6	-0.10	1.51	T13	-0.10	0.93	T20	-0.30	1.75	T27	-0.20	0.45
T7	-0.10	1.43	T14	-0.10	0.79	T21	0.10	1.15	T28	-0.30	0.45

表2 实验工况设置

Table 2 Experiment condition setting

工况	充注率/ %	节流比/ %	节流方式	节流开度/ %	压力控制带/kPa
C1	50	2	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C2	50	4	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C3	50	6	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C4	50	8	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C5	50	10	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C6	50	12	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C7	50	14	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C8	50	16	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C9	50	8	气液两相节流	16.7	220~260
C10	50	8	气液两相节流	33.3	220~260
C11	50	8	气液两相节流	50	220~260

图2 热力排气系统运行时气枕和液体的温度变化

Fig.2 Ullage and liquid temperature versus time during TVS operation

图3 热力排气系统运行时气枕压力和液体饱和压力的变化

Fig.3 Ullage pressure and liquid saturation pressure versus time during TVS operation

图4 不同节流比时的TVS运行占空比对比

Fig.4 Comparison of duty ratio with different throttle ratio

图5 不同节流比时的TVS运行流体相对损失系数对比

Fig.5 Relative loss coefficient comparison with different throttle ratio

图6 不同节流形式时的气枕压力变化

Fig.6 Variation in ullage pressure for different throttle modes and valve openings

图7 不同节流形式下单次循环后液体质量损失对比

Fig.7 Total vented mass per cycle for different throttle modes and valve openings

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