两种印刷电路板式微通道节流制冷器性能实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

回热节流结构对微通道节流制冷器性能有决定性影响，针对目前微通道节流制冷器多为单层高、低压通道结构，制冷量较小的特点，结合印刷电路板工艺可刻蚀焊接形成不同结构的叠层通道、传热效率高的优点，设计制作出两种印刷电路板式微通道节流制冷器。两种制冷器交错的高低压通道各6层。第一种制冷器的通道结构为大小微槽道相搭配，实现先回热换热后节流，当量直径分别为463 μm和120 μm；第二种通道结构为错排微圆柱针肋，当量直径337 μm，高低压板片均实现回热和节流并行发生。在2.02~5.20 MPa进口压力范围内实验研究两种制冷器性能，得到制冷器质量流量、进出口压力以及进出口和轴向测点的温度。结果表明，微槽道结构制冷器的节流段温降斜率明显大于回热段；微针肋结构前段温降斜率有略微增大的趋势，由于轴向导热和寄生热负荷的存在，后段温降趋缓。第一种制冷器在5.12 MPa进口压力下的质量流量为4.52 g/s，高压侧压降4.31 MPa，最低温度为210.9 K，第二种制冷器在5.20 MPa入口压力下，质量流量为8.70 g/s，高压侧压降4.40 MPa，最低温度可达165.2 K。相比试件一先以回热为主再以节流为主的流程形式，试件二回热与节流同时作用，热力和传热过程有不同规律，具有明显更优的温降效果，是流量、压降、换热、热力过程相互影响的综合结果。随着微通道技术在气体节流领域的应用越来越多，换热过程中伴随显著节流效应越来越普遍，两试件对比实验研究可为今后此类问题的研究、设计与应用提供一些参考。

关键词: 微通道, 节流制冷, 印刷电路板, 传热, Joule-Thomson效应

Abstract:

The regenerative throttling structure has a decisive influence on the performance of the micro-channel J-T cooler. Considering the feature of low cooling capacity in micro channel J-T cooler, and the advantages of printed circuit board technology, such as multi layer, high heat transfer efficiency, etc., two types of printed circuit micro channel J-T cooler are designed and manufactured. The J-T coolers have six interleaved high-pressure and low-pressure channels each. The channel structure of the first cooler is composed of large and small rectangle microchannels to realize heat exchange first and then throttling. The equivalent diameters are 463 μm and 120 μm, respectively. The channel structure of second cooler is staggered micro cylindrical pin ribs with an equivalent diameter of 337 μm. Heat exchange and throttling are realized meanwhile in both the high and low pressure plates. The performance of the two coolers was experimentally investigated in the range of 2.02—5.20 MPa inlet pressure. The temperature at axial measuring points, mass flow rate and pressure drop are obtained. The results show that the temperature drop slope of the throttling section of the micro-channel structure refrigerator is significantly greater than that of the regenerative section; the temperature drop slope of the front section of the micro-needle rib structure has a slight increase trend. Due to the existence of axial heat conduction and parasitic heat load, the rear section temperature drop slows down. The tip temperature of first cooler is 210.9 K under 5.12 MPa when the mass flow rate is 4.52 g/s and pressure drop is 4.31 MPa; the second cooler can reach 165.2 K at 5.20 MPa when the mass flow rate is 8.70 g/s and pressure drop is 4.40 MPa. Compared with the order of heat exchange first and then throttling, heat exchange and throttling at the same tine have better temperature drop and different laws of heat transfer and thermodynamic process. It is the comprehensive result of the interaction of flow rate, pressure drop, heat transfer and thermal process. With the increasing application of microchannel technology in the field of gas throttling, heat transfer with throttling is more common, the comparative study of the coolers may provide some reference for such problems in the future.

Key words: microchannel, throttling refrigeration, printed circuit board, heat transfer, Joule-Thomson effect

中图分类号:

TB 61⁺1

常志昊, 崔晓钰, 耿晖, 佘海龙. 两种印刷电路板式微通道节流制冷器性能实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(4): 2027-2037.

CHANG Zhihao, CUI Xiaoyu, GENG Hui, SHE Hailong. Experimental study on performance of two types of printed circuit board microchannel J-T coolers[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(4): 2027-2037.

图/表 13

图1 两种制冷器高低压板片内部通道平面图

Fig.1 Internal structure of coolers

表1 制冷器的通道尺寸

Table 1 Channel dimension of coolers

试件	通道	尺寸
试件一	高压回热	0.55 mm×0.40 mm×105 mm
	低压回热	0.55 mm×0.40 mm×145 mm
	节流段	0.15 mm×0.10 mm×40 mm
	膨胀腔	下底10 mm, 斜角150°
试件二	流道当量直径	337 $μ m$
	回热节流段长度	145 mm
	针肋直径	0.50 mm
	膨胀腔	下底7 mm, 斜角150°

表1 制冷器的通道尺寸

Table 1 Channel dimension of coolers

试件	通道	尺寸
试件一	高压回热	0.55 mm×0.40 mm×105 mm
	低压回热	0.55 mm×0.40 mm×145 mm
	节流段	0.15 mm×0.10 mm×40 mm
	膨胀腔	下底10 mm, 斜角150°
试件二	流道当量直径	337 $μ m$
	回热节流段长度	145 mm
	针肋直径	0.50 mm
	膨胀腔	下底7 mm, 斜角150°

图2 实验系统示意图

Fig.2 Experimental system

图3 两种制冷器的温度测点布置

Fig.3 Layout of temperature measuring points of coolers

表2 制冷器各温度测点距进口的轴向距离

Table 2 Axial distance between temperature measuring points of coolers and inlet

测点	试件一		试件二
测点	位置	距离/mm	位置	距离/mm
T1	进口	0.00	进口	0.00
T2	回热进口	5.00	回热节流进口	5.00
T3	回热段	40.00	回热节流段	41.25
T4	回热段	75.00	回热节流段	77.50
T5	节流进口	110.00	回热节流段	113.75
T6	节流段	130.00	回热节流出口	150.00
T7	节流出口	150.00	膨胀腔	155.00
T8	膨胀腔	155.00	出口	0
T9	出口	0

表3 传感器量程及精度

Table 3 Sensor range and precision

传感器	精度	量程
质量流量计	±1.0%	0~8.90 g/s
T型热电偶	±0.2K	73.0~673.0 K
高压传感器	±0.5%	0~10.00 MPa
低压传感器	±0.5%	0~1.50 MPa

图4 不同进口压力下制冷器测点温度变化

Fig.4 Temperature of measuring points versus time under different inlet pressure

图5 两种制冷器的压降和质量流量随进口压力的变化

Fig.5 Variation of the pressure drop and mass flow of the coolers with different inlet pressure

图6 不同进口压力下两试件测点温度分布

Fig.6 Temperature of each measuring point under different inlet pressures

图7 两种制冷器焦汤系数变化曲线

Fig.7 Variation of the J-T coefficient with temperature and pressure

图8 试件一高压侧流体实际过程焦汤系数变化

Fig.8 Variation of the high-pressure-fluid J-T coefficient of Cooler 1 with temperature and pressure

图9 试件二高压侧流体实际过程焦汤系数变化

Fig.9 Variation of the high-pressure-fluid J-T coefficient of Cooler 2 with temperature and pressure

图10 制冷器热力过程示意图

Fig.10 Thermodynamic process of the coolers

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