航空煤油不同尺寸池火热流及温度特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190450

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究航空煤油池火燃烧过程中热流与温度特性，搭建了油料燃烧模拟实验台架。通过分析实验图像与数据，发现航空煤油池火辐射热通量随径向距离和高度的增大逐渐减小，其中辐射热通量对高度增加更为敏感，随高度升高下降幅度更快；热辐射先于热对流达到强度最大值，随后在稳定燃烧阶段后期热对流强度存在跃升现象，强度超过热辐射强度，成为该阶段主要传热方式；航空煤油池火中心线上，下部区域火焰连续燃烧、氧气浓度低，上部区域油火卷吸空气、氧气浓度较高，是导致不同高度最高温度到达时刻不同的主要原因；对不同尺寸油池火来说，其热通量峰值随着油池尺寸增大而增大，同时方形油池热通量峰值显著高于圆形油池。

关键词: 航空煤油, 油池火, 辐射, 火焰温度, 热传导, 对流

Abstract:

In order to study the characteristics of heat flow and temperature in the combustion process of aviation kerosene tank fire, an oil combustion simulation bench was set up. By analyzing the experimental images and data, it is found that the radiant heat flux of kerosene pool fire decreases gradually with the increase of radial distance and height, in which the radiant heat flux is more sensitive to the increase of height and decreases more rapidly with the increase of height. The heat radiation reached the maximum intensity before the heat convection, and then there was a jump in the heat convection intensity in the later stage of the stable combustion, and the intensity exceeded the heat radiation intensity and became the main heat transfer mode in this stage. On the central line of the kerosene pool fire, the flame in the lower area burns continuously with low oxygen concentration, while the oil fire in the upper area absorbs air and has high oxygen concentration, which is the main reason for the difference in the time when the highest temperature at different heights arrives. For different sizes of oil pool fires, the peak heat flux increases with the size of the oil pool, and the peak heat flux of the square oil pool is significantly higher than that of the round oil pool.

Key words: aviation kerosene, oil-pool-fire, radiation, flame temperature, heat conduction, convection

中图分类号:

X 937

蒋新生, 张霖, 何东海, 胡文超, 刘鲁兴, 赵亚东. 航空煤油不同尺寸池火热流及温度特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(3): 1398-1408.

Xinsheng JIANG, Lin ZHANG, Donghai HE, Wenchao HU, Luxing LIU, Yadong ZHAO. Study on radiation and temperature characteristics of aviation kerosene fire with different sizes in pools combustion[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(3): 1398-1408.

图/表 18

图1 油料燃烧模拟实验系统

Fig.1 Fuel combustion simulation experiment system

表1 油池尺寸形状及实验工况

Table 1 Working condition of combustion experiments

油池形状	直径/m	壁高/m	燃料种类	加入燃料体积/L
圆形	0.5	0.1	航空煤油	1
圆形	0.4	0.1	航空煤油	1
正方形	0.3	0.1	航空煤油	1

表2 热流计位置

Table 2 Position of radiation heat flowmeter

编号	高度/m	距油池轴线水平距离/m
1^#	1.00	1.5D
2^#	0.75	1.5D
3^#	0.50	1.5D
4^#	0.75	2D
5^#	0.75	2D
6^#	0.75	3D

表3 热电偶位置

Table 3 Position of thermocouple

编号	高度/m
1^#	0.25
2^#	0.50
3^#	0.75
4^#	1.00
5^#	1.25

图2 油池火发展过程

Fig.2 Development process of oil-pool-fire

图3 不同高度距油池轴线0.75 m辐射热通量

Fig.3 Radiant heat flux of 0.75 m from axis of oil pool at different heights

图4 与油池轴线不同距离高0.50 m辐射热通量

Fig.4 Radiant heat flux at different lengths from oil pool axis 0.50 m

图5 全热通量及辐射热通量对比

Fig.5 Comparison of total heat flux and radiant heat flux

图6 对流热通量

Fig.6 Convective heat flux

图7 不同高度距油池轴线1.5D处热通量

Fig.7 Heat flux at 1.5D from axis of oil pool at different heights

图8 高0.75 m距油池轴线2D处热通量情况

Fig.8 Heat flux at 2D of 0.75 m away from oil pool axis

图9 高0.75 m距油池轴线3D处热通量

Fig.9 Heat flux at 3D of 0.75 m away from oil pool axis

表4 火焰不同区域参数取值

Table 4 Values of flame parameters in different regions

区域	$z / Q 2 / 5$	k	α
连续区	≤0.08	6.9	1/2
间歇区	0.08~0.20	1.9	0
烟羽流区	≥0.20	1.1	-1/3

表4 火焰不同区域参数取值

Table 4 Values of flame parameters in different regions

区域	$z / Q 2 / 5$	k	α
连续区	≤0.08	6.9	1/2
间歇区	0.08~0.20	1.9	0
烟羽流区	≥0.20	1.1	-1/3

图10 0.5 m圆形油池不同高度火焰中心线温度变化

Fig.10 Variation of flame centerline temperature of 0.5 m circle oil pool at different heights

图11 0.4 m圆形油池不同高度火焰中心线最高温度

Fig.11 Maximum temperature of flame center line of 0.4 m square oil pool at different heights

图12 0.3 m方形油池不同高度火焰中心线温度变化

Fig.12 Variation of flame centerline temperature of 0.3 m square oil pool at different heights

图13 不同高度火焰中心线最高温度

Fig.13 Maximum temperature of flame center line at different heights

图14 不同尺寸同一高度处燃烧过程中温度变化

Fig.14 Temperature variation during combustion at different sizes and the same height

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