多孔陶瓷膜烟气水分回收理论与模型研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220431

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化石燃料燃烧烟气中含有大量水分和潜热，高湿度烟气的直接排放造成极大的资源浪费和环境问题。多孔陶瓷膜是目前烟气水热回收最有前景的技术之一，其水分回收热力学和动力学的定量描述是该技术发展和装置设计的关键所在。分析了水分在多孔陶瓷膜表面及内部传质机理，基于Kelvin理论建立了水分在陶瓷膜内毛细凝聚热力学模型，并选取典型烟气温/湿度条件，得出不同工况下陶瓷膜发生毛细凝聚的临界孔径、凝聚水量及工作孔体积占比；进而基于毛细凝聚的表面传质和孔道输运Hagen-Poiseuille方程建立了陶瓷膜水分传质动力学模型，对典型温/湿度工况下回收水通量进行了计算，结果表明，多孔陶瓷膜的毛细凝聚效应对烟气水分回收的优越性十分明显，其表面回水通量远远大于冷凝法的水通量，孔径越小，表面水通量越高，但及时将孔道内的液态水输运到陶瓷膜另一侧需要的压差也越大，本文计算条件下，膜孔径为20.0 nm的陶瓷膜较为适宜。

关键词: 陶瓷膜, 烟气水分回收, 毛细凝聚, 热力学, 动力学模型

Abstract:

Fossil fuel combustion flue gas contains a lot of moisture and latent heat, and the direct emission of high-humidity flue gas causes great waste of resources and environmental problems. Ceramic membrane is currently regarded as one of the most promising technologies for water and heat recovery from flue gas. A quantitative description of the water recovery process is needed for the development and optimized design for the technology. This paper analyzes the mass transfer mechanism of water vapor on the surface and inside the nano-porous ceramic membrane, and a comprehensive set of model for water recovery from flue gas is proposed. Firstly, a thermodynamic model of water vapor recovery based on the kelvin capillary condensation theory in the nano pores is developed, the critical radius where capillary condensation occurred for water vapor from flue gas under different temperature and humidity is predicted. The condensation water amount and the working pore-volume ratio of different ceramic membranes under different conditions are revealed. Secondly, a mass transfer model by combining the surface mass transfer of capillary condensation and Hagen-Poiseuille equation for viscous flow in pores is developed. The mass transfer rates of different ceramic membranes under different conditions are studied and compared. The calculated results show that the capillary condensation occurred in nano-pores greatly enhances the water recovery rates from flue gas, and the smaller the pore size, the greater the mass transfer rate. However, a much high pressure drop may be needed when the pore size is very small. The ceramic membrane with the pore size of 20.0 nm is recommended for the cases studied in this paper.

Key words: ceramic membrane, flue gas water recovery, capillary condensation, thermodynamics, kinetic modeling

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

马语峻, 刘向军. 多孔陶瓷膜烟气水分回收理论与模型研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4103-4112.

Yujun MA, Xiangjun LIU. Theoretical studies of water recovery from flue gas by using ceramic membrane[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(9): 4103-4112.

图/表 11

图1 多孔陶瓷膜结构与水分回收机理示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of ceramic membrane structure and recovery mechanism

表1 8个典型烟气温/湿度工况

Table 1 Flue gas conditions of 8 cases

工况	温度/℃	相对湿度/%	水蒸气体积分数/%
1	80	94.0	15.29
2	70	93.0	11.73
3	60	88.0	9.66
4	50	87.0	7.90
5	40	85.0	7.72
6	30	83.0	5.28
7	20	67.0	3.63
8	20	60.0	3.25

图2 不同温/湿度发生毛细冷凝的临界孔径

Fig.2 Critical pore size occurring capillary condensation at different temperature and humidity

图3 不同孔径的陶瓷膜凝聚量随湿度变化（60℃）

Fig.3 Condensation water amounts of ceramic membrane with different pore sizes （60℃）

图4 8个工况下不同孔径陶瓷膜的工作孔体积占比

Fig.4 Working pore volume ratio of ceramic membrane under different conditions

图5 模型计算结果与文献[30]实验数据对比

Fig.5 Comparison between calculation and experimental data from Ref. [30]

表2 陶瓷膜烟气水分回收相关参数

Table 2 Parameters of water recovery from flue gas by ceramic membrane

参数	数值
膜平均孔隙率	0.5
膜孔道的曲折度	1
膜选择层厚度	10 μm
烟气来流速度	0.5 m·s^-1
陶瓷膜管外直径	8 mm
膜内通入冷却水温度	16℃
烟气比定压热容	1.005 J·g^-1·K^-1
烟气热导率	0.026 W·m^-1·K^-1
烟气动力黏度	2.2×10^-6 Pa·s
水的动力黏度	1.1×10^-3 Pa·s
烟气密度	1190 g·m^-3
冷却水密度	10⁶ g·m^-3

图6 不同烟气温度下孔径对J1的影响

Fig.6 Effects of pore size on J1 under different gas temperatures

图7 不同冷却液温度下孔径对J1的影响

Fig.7 Effects of pore size on J1 under different cooling liquid temperatures

图8 不同孔径下管内外压差对J2的影响

Fig.8 Effects of pressure drop on J2 for different pore-size ceramic membranes

图9 不同孔径陶瓷膜不同工况下J1、J2比较

Fig.9 Comparisons of J1 and J2 of different ceramic membranes under different conditions

参考文献 31

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