介观尺度下多孔介质内水结冰相界面演化机制研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221233

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔介质内水冻结过程的传热传质问题普遍存在于寒区工程、食品冷冻保鲜和建筑、路面冻融破坏等领域。本研究在介观尺度下对多孔介质内水结冰相界面的演化机理进行了实验与模拟研究。首先通过单向冻结实验，研究了孔隙半径500 μm微孔道内水冻结过程中相界面及温度场演变规律。然后通过数值模拟，研究了边界温度、孔隙间距、孔隙结构对相界面演变规律和水冻结速率的影响。结果表明，相界面相对曲率随孔隙半径减小而减小，在孔道中，相对曲率先减小后增大，使相界面从凹形向凸形变化。孔道内温度随时间下降先快后慢，其速率与温度梯度有关。过冷引起0℃等温线与相界面之间过冷带的形成。孔隙间距越小，孔道内的温度梯度突跃越剧烈，阻碍传热。在本文研究的四种孔隙结构中，圆形直排冻结速率最大。

关键词: 介观尺度, 多孔介质, 冻结, 毛细力, 相界面

Abstract:

Heat and mass transfer problems in the freezing process of water in porous media generally exist in the fields of engineering in cold region, food freezing and preservation, construction, and pavement freeze-thaw damage. In this study, the evolution mechanism of water freezing phase interface in porous media is studied at the mesoscale by experiments and simulations. Firstly, the evolution of phase interface and temperature field during water freezing in microchannels with pore radius of 500 μm was studied by unidirectional freezing experiment. Then, the effects of boundary temperature, pore space and pore structure on the evolution of phase interface and water freezing rate were studied through numerical simulation. The results show that the relative curvature of the phase interface decreases with the decrease of pore radius. In the channel, the relative curvature decreases firstly and then increases, making the phase change from concave to convex. The temperature in the channel decreases quickly and then slowly with time, and the rate is related to the temperature gradient. Supercooling causes the formation of supercooled zone between 0℃ isotherm and phase interface. The smaller the pore space is, the stronger the sudden temperature gradient in the pore channel is, which hinders heat transfer. Among the four pore structures studied in this paper, the circular straight-row has the highest freezing rate.

Key words: mesoscale, porous media, freezing, capillary force, phase interface

中图分类号:

TK 124

王文松, 杨英英, 陈周林, 杨晴雨, 李帅华, 武卫东. 介观尺度下多孔介质内水结冰相界面演化机制研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5343-5354.

Wensong WANG, Yingying YANG, Zhoulin CHEN, Qingyu YANG, Shuaihua LI, Weidong WU. Evolution mechanism of water freezing phase interface in porous media at mesoscale[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(12): 5343-5354.

图/表 23

图1 冰-水相界面示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of ice-water phase interface

图2 单向冻结实验系统图和实物图

Fig.2 System diagram and object diagram of unidirectional freezing experiment

表1 设备相关参数

Table 1 Parameters of equipment

仪器名称	品牌型号	关键参数
红外热像仪	FLIR A655sc	分辨率：640×480 热灵敏度：＜30 mK 测温精度：±2%
近焦红外镜头	FLIR T198066	最小分辨率：25 µm
CCD相机	DMK 33UX264	分辨率：2448×2048 像素尺寸：3.45 µm 帧速率：38 fps
显微镜头	NAVITAR zoom 6000	放大倍率：0.35×~2.25× 工作距离：175 mm
低温恒温槽	上海比朗DC-0506	温度波动：±0.05℃ 温控精度：0.01℃

图3 被测多孔树脂微模型结构示意图

Fig.3 Structural diagram of the tested porous resin micro model

图4 四种孔隙结构尺寸图

Fig.4 Dimension diagram of four pore structures

图5 孔隙结构物理模型边界条件

Fig.5 Boundary conditions of physical model of pore structure

表2 模型物性参数

Table 2 Physical parameters of model

参数	符号	数值
多孔树脂表面张力系数	σ	0.07 N/m
相变温度	T_pc	273.15 K
相变潜热	L	333 kJ/kg

图6 冻结过程中相同位置温度模拟结果与实验结果对比

Fig.6 Comparison of temperature simulation results and experimental results at the same position during freezing

图7 微孔道中孔隙半径和毛细压力随相对位置的变化

Fig.7 Variation of pore radius and capillary pressure with relative position in microporous channel

图8 冻结面变化示意图

Fig.8 Schematic of frozen surface change

图9 冻结面相对曲率变化规律

Fig.9 Change law of relative curvature of freezing surface

图10 冻结过程中微孔道温度变化

Fig.10 Temperature change of microporous channel during freezing

图11 单向冻结实验测点温度随时间的变化

Fig.11 Temperature variation of measuring points with time in unidirectional freezing experiment

图12 单向冻结实验单孔道温度场演变

Fig.12 Evolution of temperature field in single channel of unidirectional freezing experiment

图13 在300 s时刻的温度场及相界面云图（边界温度-15℃）

Fig.13 The temperature field and the phase interface cloud Contour at 300 s (boundary temperature -15℃)

图14 不同边界温度在相同位置的温度变化

Fig.14 Temperature change of different boundary temperatures at the same position

图15 温度梯度随时间的变化

Fig.15 Temperature gradient versus time

图16 不同边界温度下的平均冻结速率

Fig.16 Histogram of average freezing rate at different boundary temperatures

图17 不同孔隙间距中温度随时间的变化

Fig.17 Temperature variation with time in different pore spacing

图18 单个孔道温度梯度随相对位置的变化

Fig.18 Variation of temperature gradient of single channel with relative position

图19 不同孔隙间距下的平均冻结速率

Fig.19 Histogram of average freezing rate under different pore spacing

图20 不同孔隙结构下的平均冻结速率

Fig.20 Histogram of average freezing rate under different pore structures

图21 不同孔隙结构温度场孔道局部图

Fig.21 Partial diagram of pore channel for temperature field of different pore structures

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