富油煤（长焰煤）孔隙结构三维表征及渗流模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220937

化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (11): 5078-5087.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20220937

富油煤（长焰煤）孔隙结构三维表征及渗流模拟

黄笑乐¹(), 杨甫²^,³, 韩磊¹, 宁星¹, 李瑞宇¹^,⁴, 董凌霄¹, 曹虎生⁵, 邓磊¹(), 车得福¹

^1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室，陕西西安 710049
^2.陕西省煤田地质集团有限公司，陕西西安 710026
^3.自然资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室，陕西西安 710026
^4.广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院，广东佛山 528300
^5.陕西省一八五煤田地质有限公司，陕西榆林 719000

收稿日期:2022-07-05 修回日期:2022-08-22 出版日期:2022-11-05 发布日期:2022-12-06
通讯作者: 邓磊
作者简介:黄笑乐(1997—)，男，博士研究生，1969912151@qq.com
基金资助:
华能集团总部科技课题能源安全技术专题项目(HNKJ20-H87)

3D characterization of pore structure and seepage simulation of tar-rich coal (long flame coal)

Xiaole HUANG¹(), Fu YANG²^,³, Lei HAN¹, Xing NING¹, Ruiyu LI¹^,⁴, Lingxiao DONG¹, Husheng CAO⁵, Lei DENG¹(), Defu CHE¹

^1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
^2.Shaanxi Provincial Coal Geology Group Co. , Ltd. , Xi’an 710026, Shaanxi, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural and Resources, Xi’an 710026, Shaanxi, China
^4.Shunde Institute of Inspection, Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research, Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
^5.Shaanxi No. 185 Coalfield Geology Co. , Ltd. , Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2022-07-05 Revised:2022-08-22 Online:2022-11-05 Published:2022-12-06
Contact: Lei DENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用X射线CT(computed tomography)成像仪对富油煤(长焰煤)进行了三维表征，建立了统计孔径分布(PSD)的等效孔隙网络模型(PNM)，研究了压力梯度和流动方向对渗流过程的影响。结果表明：孔隙、矿物和基质分别占总体积的11.30%、1.03%和87.67%，连通孔隙率为5.13%。孔隙等效半径在3~8 μm内的数量占89.23%，平均配位数为2.87，孔隙连通性较差。等效半径小于2 μm的喉道数占73%，喉道的等效长度主要分布在10~30 μm之间。在相同压力梯度下，三个方向的孔隙压力、渗流速度和流动路径分布不同，表现出各向异性。随着压力梯度的增大，渗流速度逐渐增大，且渗流速度随压力的变化呈现明显的非线性关系。三个方向上的调和平均渗透率为0.1403 mD，这与前人测得的榆神府矿区富油煤渗透率(0.1345 mD)相差在5%以内。

关键词: 富油煤, 多孔介质, X射线成像仪, 三维表征, 渗透率, 数值模拟

Abstract:

The three-dimensional characterization of tar-rich coal (long flame coal) was carried out by X-ray CT (computed tomography) imager. An equivalent pore network model (PNM) of the statistical pore size distribution (PSD) is established. The effects of pressure gradient and flow direction on the seepage process are studied. The results show that pores, minerals, and matrix account for 11.30%, 1.03% and 87.67% of the total volume, respectively. The connected porosity is 5.13%. The number of pore equivalent radius within 3—8 μm accounts for 89.23%. The corresponding average coordination number is 2.87, which indicates that the pore connectivity is poor. The number of throats with an equivalent radius less than 2 μm accounts for 73%. The equivalent length of the throat is mainly distributed between 10—30 μm. At the same pressure gradient, three directions of pore pressure, seepage velocity, and flow path distribution are different, showing anisotropy. With the increase of pressure gradient, the seepage velocity increases gradually. The seepage velocity shows an obvious nonlinear relationship with pressure. The harmonic average permeability in three directions is 0.1403 mD, which is close to the measured value (0.1345 mD) of another tar-rich coal in the Yushenfu mining area. The difference is within 5%.

Key words: tar-rich coal, porous media, X-ray imager, 3D characterization, permeability, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TQ 53

黄笑乐, 杨甫, 韩磊, 宁星, 李瑞宇, 董凌霄, 曹虎生, 邓磊, 车得福. 富油煤（长焰煤）孔隙结构三维表征及渗流模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(11): 5078-5087.

Xiaole HUANG, Fu YANG, Lei HAN, Xing NING, Ruiyu LI, Lingxiao DONG, Husheng CAO, Lei DENG, Defu CHE. 3D characterization of pore structure and seepage simulation of tar-rich coal (long flame coal)[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(11): 5078-5087.

图/表 14

表1 富油煤的工业分析和元素分析

Table 1 Ultimate and proximate analyses of tar-rich coal

元素分析/%						工业分析/%
C_d	H_d	O_d	N_d	S_t,d		FC_ad	M_ad	A_ad	V_ad
81.28	4.42	10.12	0.89	0.52		63.16	6.01	2.60	28.23

图1 不同滤波方式下切片效果

Fig.1 Slice results under different filtering methods

图2 REV分析结果

Fig.2 REV analysis results

图3 富油煤三维数字模型(a)完整模型;(b)孔隙模型;(c)基质模型;(d)矿物质模型

Fig.3 3D digital model of tar-rich coal(a) complete model; (b) pore model; (c) matrix model; (d) mineral model

表2 富油煤样各组分含量

Table 2 Content of various components in tar-rich coal samples

组分	体积分数/%	各组分体积/μm³	总体积/ μm³	各组分体素	总体素
孔隙	11.30	1731600	15326000	4844250	42875000
矿物质	1.03	157900	15326000	441723	42875000
煤基质	87.67	13437000	15326000	37589000	42875000

图4 连通孔的分离和标记示意图(a) XY方向的连通孔;(b)三维正交切片;(c)连通孔的体绘制

Fig.4 Separation and labeling of connected pores(a) connected pores in XY direction; (b) 3D orthogonal slice; (c) volume rendering of connected pores

图5 富油煤等效孔隙网络模型

Fig.5 Equivalent pore network model of tar-rich coal

图6 PNM的孔径分布(PSD)图(a)孔隙当量半径;(b)孔隙配位数;(c)喉道等效半径;(d)喉道长度

Fig.6 Pore size distribution (PSD) of PNM(a) pore equivalent radius; (b) pore coordination number; (c) throat equivalent radius; (d) throat length

表3 孔隙网络模型定量参数

Table 3 Quantitative parameters of pore network model

参数	孔径/μm	连通孔隙体积/μm³	喉道半径/μm	喉道长度/μm	配位数
最大值	14.09	11727.11	11.04	75.51	16
最小值	2.51	66.49	0.19	6.40	0
平均值	5.80	1058.96	1.63	21.35	2.87

表4 不同方向上的渗透率模拟结果

Table 4 Permeability simulation results in different directions

大小	渗流方向	Q/(m³/s)	A/μm²	k_i /mD	平均渗透率/mD
大小	渗流方向	Q/(m³/s)	A/μm²	k_i /mD	几何平均	算术平均	调和平均
50×50×50体素	X	1.3118×10^-10	1259.19	0.1458	0.1422	0.1441	0.1403
	Y	1.0358×10^-10	1259.19	0.1151
	Z	1.5421×10^-10	1259.19	0.1714

表5 模拟的基本参数

Table 5 Basic parameters of simulation

模拟类型

氮气密度

ρ/(kg/m³)

气体动力黏度

μ/(Pa⋅s)

进口压力

P_in/MPa

出口压力

P_out/MPa

图7 氮气渗流过程中压力场、速度场和流线在三个方向上的变化

Fig.7 Variations of pressure field, velocity field and streamline in three directions during nitrogen seepage

图8 不同截面的平均渗流速度

Fig.8 Average seepage velocity of different sections

图9 不同压力梯度下渗流速度的变化

Fig.9 Variation of seepage velocity under different pressure gradients

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富油煤（长焰煤）孔隙结构三维表征及渗流模拟

3D characterization of pore structure and seepage simulation of tar-rich coal (long flame coal)

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