部分短程硝化同步除磷耦合Anammox实现生活污水高效脱氮除磷

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230162

化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (5): 2147-2156.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230162

部分短程硝化同步除磷耦合Anammox实现生活污水高效脱氮除磷

张建华¹^,²(), 陈萌萌¹, 孙雅雯², 彭永臻²()

^1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院，山东青岛 266520
^2.北京工业大学城镇污水深度处理与资源化利用技术国家工程实验室，北京市污水脱氮除磷处理与过程控制工程技术研究中心，北京 100124

收稿日期:2023-02-24 修回日期:2023-04-03 出版日期:2023-05-05 发布日期:2023-06-29
通讯作者: 彭永臻
作者简介:张建华(1992—)，男，博士，副教授，zhangjianhua@qut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52100050);山东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210429116)

Efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater via simultaneous partial nitritation and phosphorus removal combined Anammox

Jianhua ZHANG¹^,²(), Mengmeng CHEN¹, Yawen SUN², Yongzhen PENG²()

^1.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, China
^2.National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Received:2023-02-24 Revised:2023-04-03 Online:2023-05-05 Published:2023-06-29
Contact: Yongzhen PENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现低碳氮比生活污水高效脱氮除磷，构建了部分短程硝化同步除磷(SPNPR)耦合Anammox系统，探究了其长期运行性能、污染物转化路径和菌群结构。结果表明，系统脱氮除磷效果良好，且低温时可稳定维持，平均总氮和PO₄^3--P去除率分别为90.7%和94.2%。PO₄^3--P与大部分COD被SPNPR反应器去除，同时其可为Anammox提供合适的进水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N。氮主要被Anammox生物膜反应器去除，其中Anammox发挥主要作用，并存在一定的反硝化作用，该反应器中主要功能微生物为Candidatus_Brocadia、反硝化菌和可分解难降解有机物的菌属。SPNPR反应器中Nitrosomonas与聚磷菌的丰度较高，未检测到亚硝酸盐氧化菌，并存在丰度较高的耐寒菌属，其可在低温时产生防冷冻的胞外聚合物(EPS)，保证了反应器良好的SPNPR作用。EPS分析发现，低温时反应器中EPS含量大幅增加，尤其是紧密结合型EPS，其可减缓低温等对微生物的危害，促进系统稳定运行。

关键词: 污水, 反应器, 生物膜, 高效脱氮除磷, 污染物转化路径, 菌群结构, 胞外聚合物

Abstract:

To achieve efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio, a simultaneous partial nitritation and phosphorus removal (SPNPR) combined anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) system was established. Long-term operation performance, nutrient conversion route and microbial community structure of the system were investigated. The results indicated that desirable nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance was achieved in the 225-day experiment despite low temperatures, the average nitrogen and orthophosphate removal efficiencies were 90.7% and 94.2%, respectively. Orthophosphate and most of COD in domestic wastewater were removed in the SPNPR reactor, and the average nitrite accumulation ratio and nitrite/ammonium ratio in effluent were 97.2% and 1.23, respectively, this could provide suitable influent for Anammox reaction. Nitrogen in domestic wastewater was mainly removed by the Anammox biofilm reactor, in which Anammox played a major role, denitrification also accounted for 4.8% of the nitrogen removed. The main functional microorganisms in this reactor are Candidatus_Brocadia, denitrifying bacteria and bacteria that can decompose refractory organic matter. Nitrosomonas (2.27%) and phosphate accumulating organisms (5.27%) were dominant in the SPNPR reactor. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria were not detected. In addition, there were some psychrotolerant microorganisms with relatively high abundance, which could secrete cryoprotective extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) at low temperatures. These guaranteed the efficient SPNPR reaction. EPS component analysis further indicated that, the content of EPS increased significantly both in the two reactors at low temperatures, especially the tightly bound EPS with abundant protein, which is adjacent to cell and could protect microorganisms from environmental hazards such as low temperatures, promoting the stable and efficient operation of system.

Key words: wastewater, reactors, biofilm, efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal, nutrient conversion route, microbial community structure, extracellular polymeric substances

中图分类号:

X 703.1

张建华, 陈萌萌, 孙雅雯, 彭永臻. 部分短程硝化同步除磷耦合Anammox实现生活污水高效脱氮除磷[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 2147-2156.

Jianhua ZHANG, Mengmeng CHEN, Yawen SUN, Yongzhen PENG. Efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater via simultaneous partial nitritation and phosphorus removal combined Anammox[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(5): 2147-2156.

图/表 8

图1 SPNPR-Anammox系统装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the SPNPR-Anammox system

表1 生活污水主要水质情况

Table 1 Main characteristics of the domestic wastewater

水质指标	单位	数值	均值
COD	mg∙L^-1	97.2~246.7	170.7
NH₄⁺-N	mg∙L^-1	39.6~70.4	54.0
PO₄^3--P	mg∙L^-1	2.1~6.6	4.5
总氮	mg∙L^-1	43.2~77.2	58.3
总磷	mg∙L^-1	2.7~7.9	5.5
碳氮比	—	2.1~4.4	3.1
水温	℃	13.1~26.5	18.9

图2 SPNPR-Anammox系统长期运行效果

Fig.2 Long-term operation performance of the SPNPR-Anammox system

图3 典型周期内系统中污染物浓度与DO变化情况

Fig.3 Variations in nutrient concentration and DO in a typical cycle of the system

图4 典型周期内SPNPR-Anammox系统中的污染物转化路径

Fig.4 Nutrient conversion route in a typical cycle of the SPNPR-Anammox system

图5 SPNPR-Anammox系统在门水平上的微生物群落结构

Fig.5 Microbial community structure of the SPNPR-Anammox system at phylum level

表2 属水平上主要功能微生物的相对丰度

Table 2 Relative abundance of main functional microorganism at genus level

菌属	相对丰度/%
菌属	SPNPR	Anammox
Nitrosomonas	2.27	0.35
Nitrospira	0.00	2.63
Candidatus_Brocadia	0.00	1.72
Candidatus_Accumulibacter	1.91	1.33
Dechloromonas	2.69	0.93
Tetrasphaera	0.67	0.04
Candidatus_Competibacter	0.03	0.09
Thauera	9.65	1.48
Comamonadaceae_unclassified	2.33	2.87
Denitratisoma	0.00	2.11
Chloroflexi_unclassified	0.00	3.16
Anaerolineaceae_uncultured	0.02	5.82
Saprospiraceae_uncultured	1.49	5.57
Flavobacterium	11.16	0.26
Thermomonas	4.04	0.04

图6 SPNPR-Anammox系统运行过程中EPS含量变化

Fig.6 Variations in EPS contents of the SPNPR-Anammox system during operation

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部分短程硝化同步除磷耦合Anammox实现生活污水高效脱氮除磷

Efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater via simultaneous partial nitritation and phosphorus removal combined Anammox

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