应用于先进生物成像的荧光染料进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240444

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物荧光标记及成像技术的发展，密切依赖于荧光染料的亮度、光稳定性以及生物相容性等关键发光和化学特性，发展新型荧光团和提升发光性能也将推动生物荧光技术的进步。荧光染料的新颖发光特性又紧密关联于它们的分子结构，而染料结构创新的主要策略包括发现全新的荧光团和对传统荧光团母体进行结构改造。本综述从荧光染料的发光-构效关系切入，详细概述了一系列通过分子结构创新而在发光性能上获得显著提升的荧光染料，并讨论了这些染料在先进生物荧光成像等前沿应用中展现出的卓越表现。文章最后讨论了生物成像领域中荧光染料的发展所面临的挑战。

关键词: 荧光染料, 结构改造, 荧光探针, 超分辨成像

Abstract:

The advancement of fluorescence labeling and imaging techniques is closely dependent on key emission and chemical properties of fluorescent dyes, such as brightness, photostability, and biocompatibility. The development of new fluorescent groups and the enhancement of fluorescence performance are also expected to propel the progress of fluorescence technology. The novel fluorescent properties of dyes are intricately linked to their molecular structure, with the main strategies for structural innovation including the discovery of entirely new fluorescent groups and the structural modification of traditional fluorescent group frameworks. This review delves into the fluorescent structure-activity relationship of fluorescent dyes, detailing a series of fluorescent dyes that have achieved significant improvements in luminous performance through molecular structural innovation. It discusses the outstanding performance exhibited by these dyes in cutting-edge applications, such as advanced bioluminescence imaging. The article concludes by discussing the main directions in the development of fluorescent dyes within the field of biological imaging, as well as the challenges that are being faced.

Key words: fluorescent dyes, structural modification, fluorescent probes, super-resolution imaging

中图分类号:

O 657.3

许宁, 乔庆龙, 徐兆超. 应用于先进生物成像的荧光染料进展[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240444.

Ning XU, Qinglong QIAO, Zhaochao XU. Advancements of fluorescent dyes for advanced biological imaging applications[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240444.

图/表 12

图1 用于生物成像的传统荧光团的发展

Fig.1 Development of traditional fluorophores for bio-imaging

图2 共价反应性荧光团标记物的实例

Fig.2 Examples of covalently reactive fluorophore labels

图3 用于非共价标记靶标的配体结构

Fig. 3 Structures of ligands for non-covalent labeling of targets

图4 Seoul-Fluor染料、CS系列染料以及苯并吡喃鎓-香豆素的探针的化学结构 [36, 38,39]

Fig. 4 Chemical structure of Seoul-Fluor dyes, CS dyes and benzopyranium-coumarin probe [36, 38, 39]

图5 基于脒类化合物染料和IndiFluors染料的化学结构[40, 41]

Fig. 5 Chemical structures of amidine-based dyes and IndiFluors dyes [40, 41]

图6 Cou-Cy、CySe-Net2和新型CSF染料的化学结构 [43-45]

Fig. 6 Chemical structure of Cou-Cy, CySe-Net2 and novel CSF dyes [43-45]

图7 Cy5B及其磺酸基衍生物、FNIR-866及FNIR-1072的化学结构[49-51]

Fig. 7 Chemical structure of Cy5B and its sulfonate derivatives, FNIR-866 and FNIR-1072[49-51]

图8 SCOTflors和碳二吡咯亚甲基荧光染料的化学结构[52, 53]

Fig. 8 Chemical structure of SCOTflors and Cardipys[52, 53]

图9 Esi5a-Esi5d、EC7和新型硅桥罗丹明染料的化学结构 [54, 55, 58]

Fig. 9 Chemical structure of Esi5a-Esi5d, EC7 and novel Si-bridge rhodamine dyes [54, 55, 58]

图10 具有自发闪烁性质或光活化性质的代表性荧光团的化学结构[62, 63, 65-68]

Fig. 10 Chemical structures of representative fluorophores with spontaneous blinking and photoactivated properties [62, 63, 65-68]

图11 YL-578、不同N-芳基助色团取代的氟化罗丹明染料和基于N-Ph罗丹明染料的标签蛋白荧光探针的化学结构[69-71]

Fig. 11 Chemical structures of YL-578, fluorinated rhodamine dyes substituted with different N-aryl auxochrome and fluorogenic probes based on N-Ph rhodamine dyes [69-71]

图12 三氟乙胺取代的溶致变色荧光团和RNA探针Nu-AN的化学结构 [72-74]

Fig. 12 Chemical structure of trifluoroethylamine-substituted solvatochromic fluorophores and RNA probe Nu-AN [72-74]

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