不同疏水性表面冷凝传热性能及动力学特征研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凝结现象是自然界中常见的相变过程，广泛应用于石油化工、核能发电、制冷等工业领域，具有广泛的应用前景。其中，表面液滴分布与冷凝液快速脱离是影响滴状冷凝传热效率的重要因素。本研究搭建了竖直壁面蒸汽凝结传热实验平台，在不同接触角表面、不同过冷度条件下进行蒸汽凝结传热实验，重点考察了蒸汽在不同接触角疏水表面的滴状凝结特性，并利用基于深度学习的Cellpose算法统计冷凝表面上液滴的尺寸与分布规律。实验发现表面接触角在120°左右时具有最优异的传热性能。针对该现象，重点分析了表面液滴分布密度、液滴脱离半径与生命周期对冷凝传热效率的影响，定量描述了不同接触角表面液滴在单位时间内清扫面积的差异及对传热效率的影响。

关键词: 传热, 凝结, 表面, 接触角, 液滴尺寸分布

Abstract:

Condensation is a common phase transition process existing in nature, which is widely used in petrochemical, nuclear power generation, refrigeration and other industrial fields, and has broad application prospects. Among them, surface droplet distribution and rapid detachment of condensate are important factors affecting the droplet condensation heat transfer efficiency. An experimental system of condensation on vertical surface was designed and the influence of contact angle and surface subcooling on condensation heat transfer performance was conducted. In addition, Cellpose algorithm was utilized which based on deep learning to analyze and quantify the size and distribution laws of droplets on the condensation surface. We found that the hydrophobic surface had the best heat transfer efficiency when the contact angle was about 120°. We summarized with a focus on analyzing the effects of droplets distribution density, droplets departure radius, and growth cycle in response to this phenomenon. The difference of cleaning area per unit time and the effect on heat transfer efficiency of droplets at different contact angles was quantitatively described.

Key words: heat transfer, condensate, surface, contact angle, droplet distribution

中图分类号:

TK 124

龚路远, 果正龙, 赵登辉, 郭亚丽, 周健, 韩倩倩, 沈胜强. 不同疏水性表面冷凝传热性能及动力学特征研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 3932-3943.

Luyuan GONG, Zhenglong GUO, Denghui ZHAO, Yali GUO, Jian ZHOU, Qianqian HAN, Shengqiang SHEN. Study on heat transfer and dynamics character of condensation on different hydrophobic surface[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(8): 3932-3943.

图/表 15

图1 疏水表面制备工艺流程

Fig.1 Preparation process of hydrophobic surface

表1 疏水表面制备具体加工参数

Table 1 Processing parameters for hydrophobic surface preparation

目标接触角/(°)	激光线间距/mm	激光功率/%	激光频率/kHz	十八烷基硫醇浓度/(mol·L^-1)	最大接触角/(°)	最小接触角/(°)	实际接触角/(°)	误差/%
110	—	—	—	0.0025	113.690	110.645	112.349	2.135
120	—	—	—	0.0025	121.224	118.340	120.480	0.400
130	0.04	30	300	0.0025	133.617	130.759	131.902	1.463
140	0.04	40	250	0.0025	142.424	139.881	141.172	0.837
150	0.04	70	150	0.0025	150.384	148.008	149.214	-0.524
160	0.005	60	90	0.05	159.307	156.913	158.452	-0.968

图2 蒸汽凝结传热实验系统图与冷凝腔室结构图

Fig.2 Experimental set-up of steam condensation and the structure of the condensing chamber

图3 蒸汽凝结过程图像及后处理图（θ=149°，ΔT=8 K）

Fig.3 Steam condensation process on hydrophobic surface and processed image (θ=149°, ΔT=8 K)

图4 竖直壁面膜态凝结传热性能模型计算值与实验值对比

Fig.4 Comparison of experimental results and calculated of steam condensation in filmwise condensation on vertical surface

表2 传热实验误差分析结果

Table 2 Result of the error analysis for the experiment

接触角/(°)	误差/%
接触角/(°)	热通量	传热系数
112	5.042	11.072
120	4.725	11.954
132	5.236	10.910
141	5.877	10.718
149	6.501	10.772
158	7.329	11.093

图5 不同过冷度下蒸汽凝结换热的传热量与传热系数

Fig.5 Effect of surface subcooling on heat transfer and coefficient in condensation

图6 不同接触角的疏水壁面上液滴凝结图像（ΔT=8 K）

Fig.6 Droplet condensation images on hydrophobic surface at different contact angles (ΔT=8 K)

图7 不同接触角表面的液滴分布密度

Fig. 7 Distribution density of droplets on surface with different contact angles

图8 不同接触角表面上不同半径液滴的传热量

Fig.8 Heat transfer of different droplet radius on hydrophobic surfaces with different contact angle

图9 表面接触角与过冷度对液滴脱离半径的影响

Fig.9 Effect of surface contact angle and subcooling on droplet departure size

图10 液滴合并的不同模式（θ =158°，ΔT =8 K）

Fig.10 Different modes of droplet combination (θ =158°，ΔT =8 K)

图11 表面过冷度和接触角对液滴生命周期的影响

Fig.11 Effect of surface contact angle and subcooling on droplet growth cycle

图12 液滴清扫后图像与二值化边界图

Fig.12 Image and binarized boundary after droplet cleaning

图13 壁面接触角和过冷度对清扫面积速率的影响

Fig.13 Effect of surface contact angle and subcooling on droplet cleaning area rate

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