石蜡/TPMS结构多孔AlSi10Mg合金复合相变材料蓄热性能实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三周期极小曲面（triply periodic minimal surface，TPMS）结构因其独特的几何形貌、可调控的孔隙结构和优异的热性能，为相变蓄热系统设计提供了新的解决方案。通过激光选区熔化技术制备了四种典型的TPMS结构多孔AlSi10Mg合金，包括Gyroid-Sheet、Gyroid-Network、Diamond-Sheet和Diamond-Network结构，并与石蜡进行复合。采用侧面加热边界条件，基于可视化实验研究，探讨了孔隙率、胞元结构和类型对石蜡/TPMS结构多孔AlSi10Mg合金复合相变材料等效热导率、比表面积及蓄热性能的影响规律，探明了熔化过程中固液相界面的演变规律和温度分布特征，揭示了TPMS结构的强化蓄热机理。结果表明，TPMS结构复合相变材料在提高蓄热性能方面表现出显著优势，具有等效热导率高、比表面积大的特性，其蓄热速率较纯石蜡提高了60%以上。当孔隙率为70%~85%时，四种TPMS结构中，Diamond-Sheet结构的蓄热速率最快，温度均匀性最好。本研究旨在为TPMS结构多孔金属复合相变材料的结构设计提供指导，并为其应用提供实验数据支持。

关键词: 激光选区熔化, TPMS结构, 复合材料, 相变, 传热

Abstract:

The triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure provides a new solution for the design of phase change thermal storage system due to its unique geometric morphology, adjustable pore structure and excellent thermal performance. In this paper, four typical TPMS structures, including Gyroid-Sheet, Gyroid-Network, Diamond-Sheet, and Diamond-Network, were fabricated using selective laser melting technology, and were composited with paraffin. Based on a visualized experiment under a side-heating boundary condition, the influence of porosity, unit cell structure and types on the effective thermal conductivity, specific surface area, and thermal storage performance of the paraffin/TPMS porous AlSi10Mg alloy composite phase change materials (PCMs) were investigated. The solid-liquid interface evolution and temperature distribution during the melting process were determined, and the thermal energy storage enhancement mechanism of TPMS structures was revealed. The results indicate that TPMS-structured composite PCMs exhibit significant advantages in enhancing thermal storage performance, characterized by high effective thermal conductivity and large specific surface area. The thermal storage rate was improved by more than 60% compared to pure paraffin. Among the four TPMS structures, the Diamond-Sheet structure demonstrated the fastest thermal energy storage rate and the best temperature uniformity, when the porosity ranged from 70% to 85%. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for the structural design of porous metal composite phase change materials with TPMS structures and to offer experimental data support for their applications.

Key words: selective laser melting, TPMS structure, composites, phase change, heat transfer

中图分类号:

TK 02

王芾涵, 王慧儒, 赵成卓, 刘振宇, 刘伟军, 卞宏友. 石蜡/TPMS结构多孔AlSi10Mg合金复合相变材料蓄热性能实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(10): 5414-5425.

Fuhan WANG, Huiru WANG, Chengzhuo ZHAO, Zhenyu LIU, Weijun LIU, Hongyou BIAN. Experimental study on thermal storage performance of paraffin/TPMS porous AlSi10Mg alloy composite materials[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(10): 5414-5425.

图/表 14

图1 TPMS结构模型设计

Fig.1 The designed models of the TPMS structures

图2 AlSi10Mg合金粉末的扫描电镜图和粒径分布

Fig.2 SEM image and particle size distribution of AlSi10Mg alloy powder

表1 AlSi10Mg合金粉末的化学成分

Table 1 Chemical composition of AlSi10Mg alloy powder

Element	Content/%(mass)
Si	9.64
Mg	0.38
Ti	<0.01
Ni	<0.01
Mn	<0.01
Cu	<0.01
Fe	<0.01
Zn	<0.01
Pb	<0.01
Sn	<0.01
O	0.036
Al	balance

图3 SLM成形TPMS结构：(a)实验流程图；(b)SLM过程示意图；(c)样品实物图

Fig.3 SLM-fabricated TPMS structure: (a) experimental flowchart; (b) schematic diagram of SLM process; (c) photograph of the samples

图4 石蜡RT50的DSC曲线

Fig.4 DSC curves of paraffin RT50

图5 石蜡/TPMS复合相变材料的制备过程示意图和样品实物图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the preparation process and photograph of the samples of paraffin/TPMS composite PCM

图6 固液相变蓄热可视化实验系统

Fig.6 Visualized experimental system of solid-liquid phase change heat storage

图7 不同TPMS结构的等效热导率和比表面积

Fig.7 Effective thermal conductivity and specific surface area of different TPMS structures

图8 纯石蜡和石蜡/TPMS结构复合相变材料的固液相界面演化

Fig.8 Evolution of solid-liquid interfaces for pure paraffin and paraffin/TPMS composite PCMs

图9 红外热像仪与热电偶温度测量结果的比较

Fig.9 Comparison of temperature measured between infrared camera and thermocouples

图10 纯石蜡和石蜡/TPMS结构复合相变材料的温度分布演化

Fig.10 Evolution of temperature distribution for pure paraffin and paraffin/TPMS composite PCMs

图11 纯石蜡和TPMS结构复合相变材料液相率的变化

Fig.11 Variation of liquid fraction for pure paraffin and paraffin/TPMS composite PCMs

图12 不同石蜡/TPMS结构复合相变材料熔化时间的对比

Fig.12 Comparison of melting time among different paraffin/TPMS composite PCMs

图13 纯石蜡和石蜡/TPMS结构复合相变材料的蓄热性能

Fig.13 Heat storage performance for pure paraffin and paraffin/TPMS composite PCMs

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