太阳能吸收制冷循环动态特性仿真方法研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241386

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能吸收制冷循环在额定工况下展现出高效的制冷性能，然而，其固有的缺陷在于变工况性能欠佳，甚至可能导致工作失效。作为一项几乎不依赖电能的制冷技术，太阳能吸收制冷技术面临着太阳能供应间歇性和用户侧需求波动性的双重挑战，这些因素严重影响了循环的工作效能。从系统内部参数与外部参数动态匹配的角度出发，运用现代控制理论，构建了太阳能单效LiBr-H₂O吸收式制冷循环的状态空间模型。通过稳态仿真与实验数据的对比，验证了该动态模型的有效性，并进一步探究了不同扰动因素下循环的动态响应特性。研究结果显示，所建立的状态空间动态模型能够准确地描述太阳能吸收制冷循环的动态行为，清晰地揭示了循环输入变量、状态变量与输出变量之间的动态关联。

关键词: 吸收, 制冷, 状态空间模型, 动态仿真, 瞬态响应

Abstract:

The solar-powered absorption refrigeration cycle is plagued by inherent deficiencies, such as poor performance and potential operational failures, especially under varying conditions. Although solar-powered absorption refrigeration stands as a nearly electricity-free refrigeration technology, its operational performance is significantly hindered by the intermittent nature of solar energy and fluctuating user demands. From the perspective of internally matching parameters with external conditions, a state-space model for a solar-powered single-effect LiBr-H₂O absorption refrigeration cycle is established based on modern control theory. This dynamic model of the solar-powered absorption refrigeration cycle has been validated through steady-state simulations and experimental results, and its dynamic response characteristics have been evaluated under various disturbances. The findings suggest that the state-space dynamic model not only captures the dynamic characteristics of the solar-powered absorption refrigeration cycle but also elucidates the dynamic relationships among input variables, state variables, and output variables.

Key words: absorption, refrigeration, state space model, dynamic simulation, transient response

中图分类号:

TK 124

马爱华, 赵帅, 王林, 常明慧. 太阳能吸收制冷循环动态特性仿真方法研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 318-325.

Aihua MA, Shuai ZHAO, Lin WANG, Minghui CHANG. Research on dynamic simulation methods for solar-powered absorption refrigeration cycles[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 318-325.

图/表 8

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参数	工况一	工况二
发生器热水进口温度/℃	80	80
发生器热水流量/(kg/s)	0.18	0.18
冷凝器冷却水进口温度/℃	30.8	32.0
冷凝器冷却水流量/(kg/s)	0.24	0.24
蒸发器冷冻水进口温度/℃	26.6	24.5
蒸发器冷冻水流量/(kg/s)	0.26	0.14
吸收器冷却水进口温度/℃	30.8	32.0
吸收器冷却水流量/(kg/s)	0.24	0.24

参数	工况一	工况二
发生器热水进口温度/℃	80	80
发生器热水流量/(kg/s)	0.18	0.18
冷凝器冷却水进口温度/℃	30.8	32.0
冷凝器冷却水流量/(kg/s)	0.24	0.24
蒸发器冷冻水进口温度/℃	26.6	24.5
蒸发器冷冻水流量/(kg/s)	0.26	0.14
吸收器冷却水进口温度/℃	30.8	32.0
吸收器冷却水流量/(kg/s)	0.24	0.24

工况	参数	发生器/kW	冷凝器/kW	蒸发器/kW	吸收器/kW	COP（能效比）
工况一	稳态仿真	10.25	8.89	8.52	9.93	0.83
	动态仿真	10.25	9.54	9.17	10.22	0.89
	误差	0	6.8%	7.1%	2.8%	6.7%
工况二	实验值	2.03	1.84	1.68	1.87	0.83
	动态仿真	2.03	1.85	1.77	1.95	0.88
	误差	0	0.4%	5.2%	4.3%	5.9%

工况	参数	发生器/kW	冷凝器/kW	蒸发器/kW	吸收器/kW	COP（能效比）
工况一	稳态仿真	10.25	8.89	8.52	9.93	0.83
	动态仿真	10.25	9.54	9.17	10.22	0.89
	误差	0	6.8%	7.1%	2.8%	6.7%
工况二	实验值	2.03	1.84	1.68	1.87	0.83
	动态仿真	2.03	1.85	1.77	1.95	0.88
	误差	0	0.4%	5.2%	4.3%	5.9%

名称	参数	名称	参数
发生器热水进口温度/℃	80.00	吸收器冷却水出口温度/℃	33.56
发生器热水出口温度/℃	65.63	吸收器吸收温度/℃	37.98
发生器发生温度/℃	68.84	吸收器换热壳管温度/℃	34.84
发生器换热壳管温度/℃	71.86	冷剂水流量/(kg/s)	0.004
冷凝器冷却水进口温度/℃	27.72	发生器热水流量/(kg/s)	0.18
冷凝器冷却水出口温度/℃	33.56	冷凝器冷却水流量/(kg/s)	0.50
冷凝器冷凝温度/℃	34.29	蒸发器冷冻水流量/(kg/s)	0.36
冷凝器换热壳管温度/℃	30.33	吸收器冷却水流量/(kg/s)	0.44
蒸发器冷冻水进口温度/℃	23.01	发生器负荷/kW	10.83
蒸发器冷冻水出口温度/℃	16.83	冷凝器负荷/kW	9.69
蒸发器蒸发温度/℃	16.55	蒸发器制冷量/kW	9.31
蒸发器换热壳管温度/℃	16.92	吸收器负荷/kW	10.75
吸收器冷却水进口温度/℃	27.72	COP	0.86