基于生物碳材料强化的硬脂酸相变材料储热性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240841

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善硬脂酸（SA）相变储热性能，分别将氮化硼（BN）、丝瓜络碳（CLSF）以及BN-CLSF混合物作为添加剂加入SA制备复合材料，并研究不同添加剂对硬脂酸相变储热性能的影响。结果表明，当加入BN-CLSF的质量分数为2.5%时，复合材料的热导率最大可提高16.4%，对应的熔化潜热为153.04 J·g^-1。相比于纯SA相变材料，复合材料的熔化时间最大缩短了72.3%，凝固时间最大缩短了33.3%。当光照时长为550 s时，复合材料SA/CLSF的表面温度较纯SA提高了11.14℃，表明添加CLSF有效提高了复合材料的光热转换能力。所制备基于丝瓜络碳材料的硬脂酸相变材料具有良好的热物理性能与光热转换能力，在太阳能光热利用、建筑节能、工业余热利用等领域具有广阔应用前景。

关键词: 热传导, 复合材料, 焓, 相变储热, 瞬态响应

Abstract:

To enhance the phase change heat storage properties of stearic acid (SA), boron nitride (BN), carbonized loofah sponge fragments (CLSF), and BN-CLSF mixtures were added into SA to prepare composite phase change materials. The effect of the different additives on the phase change heat storage properties of stearic acid was investigated. The results show that when the mass fraction of BN-CLSF is 2.5%, the thermal conductivity of the composite material can be increased by 16.4% at most, and the corresponding latent heat of fusion is 153.04 J·g^-1. The composites present a maximum reduction of 72.3% in melting time and 33.3% in solidification time compared to pure SA. The temperature of the composite SA/CLSF is increased by 11.14℃ compared to that of pure SA after 550 s of light exposure, which indicates that the addition of CLSF enhances the photothermal conversion capability of the composites. The obtained carbonized loofah sponge fragments/stearic acidcomposites in this study show good thermophysical properties and photothermal conversion capabilities, which attribute to wide potential applications in the application of solar thermal utilization, building energy conservation, and industrial waste heat recovery.

Key words: heat conduction, composites, enthalpy, phase change thermal storage, transient response

中图分类号:

TK 02

肖俊兵, 钟湘宇, 任建地, 钟芳芳, 刘昌会, 贾传坤. 基于生物碳材料强化的硬脂酸相变材料储热性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 1312-1322.

Junbing XIAO, Xiangyu ZHONG, Jiandi REN, Fangfang ZHONG, Changhui LIU, Chuankun JIA. Research on the heat storage properties of stearic acid phase change materials enhanced by bio-carbon materials[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(3): 1312-1322.

图/表 9

图1 SA基复合材料的制备流程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of the synthesis of the SA-based composites

图2 SA基复合材料的微观形貌和化学性质

Fig.2 Micromorphology and chemical properties of SA-based composite phase change materials

图3 SA基复合材料的DSC曲线及熔化潜热的比较

Fig.3 DSC curves of SA-based composite phase change materials and comparison of latent heat of melting

表1 硬脂酸基复合材料熔化潜热以及相变温度

Table 1 Latent heat of melting and temperature of stearic acid based composite phase change materials

Sample	T_m/℃	h_m/(J·g^-1)	Sample	T_m/℃	h_m/(J·g^-1)	Sample	T_m/℃	h_m/(J·g^-1)
SA	68.35	230.20	—	—	—	—	—	—
SA/BN_0.005	69.08	182.64	SA/CLSF_0.005	68.83	190.43	SA/BN-CLSF_0.005	70.08	203.16
SA/BN_0.010	69.25	168.59	SA/CLSF_0.010	68.80	184.80	SA/BN-CLSF_0.010	68.86	183.78
SA/BN_0.015	69.22	161.90	SA/CLSF_0.015	69.23	179.55	SA/BN-CLSF_0.015	69.02	175.51
SA/BN_0.020	69.25	159.45	SA/CLSF_0.020	69.07	174.67	SA/BN-CLSF_0.020	68.85	167.80
SA/BN_0.025	69.40	143.53	SA/CLSF_0.025	68.75	174.29	SA/BN-CLSF_0.025	69.46	153.04

图4 SA基复合材料的热导率及比较

Fig.4 Thermal conductivity and comparison of SA-based composite phase change materials

图5 SA的TGA与DTG曲线

Fig.5 TGA and DTG curves of SA

表2 SA基复合材料的热重分析结果

Table 2 Thermogravimetric analysis of SA-based composite phase change materials

Sample	T₁/℃	T₂/℃
SA	287.7	320.0
SA/BN_0.005	291.1	325.8
SA/BN_0.010	275.9	308.9
SA/BN_0.015	272.7	300.2
SA/BN_0.020	277.8	311.5
SA/BN_0.025	287.9	323.8
SA/CLSF_0.005	283.8	314.5
SA/CLSF_0.010	282.1	310.4
SA/CLSF_0.015	277.5	308.1
SA/CLSF_0.020	273.7	301.8
SA/CLSF_0.025	282.7	311.7
SA/BN-CLSF_0.005	270.5	302.7
SA/BN-CLSF_0.010	274.9	306.4
SA/BN-CLSF_0.015	277.2	310.9
SA/BN-CLSF_0.020	263.4	295.7
SA/BN-CLSF_0.025	268.8	301.1

图6 样品熔化及冷却过程所需时间

Fig.6 The required time of sample during melting and cooling process

图7 SA基复合材料的光热转换实验装置示意图和光热转化曲线

Fig.7 Experimental setup of photothermal conversion and photothermal conversion curves of SA-based composite phase change materials

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