Current situation and economic analysis of waste battery recycling industry

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191585

Abstract

Abstract:

The rapid development of new energy vehicles makes power battery recycling a hot research topic, but there is less research on the decommissioned battery recycling industry and economic analysis. This paper studies the current situation and existing problems of domestic waste battery recycling industry at present, analyzes the economics of battery recycling and the sensitivity factors arising from the production and operation process. At the same time, this paper points out that the development of battery recycling technology should be “decommissioned power battery resource regeneration - high value lithium-electric raw materials” as the main line, battery recycling enterprises should actively coordinate and coordinate with the new energy vehicle industry, build a regional recycling system, improve the overall economic level of the industry, the power battery recycling industry has a certain guiding significance.

Key words: decommissioned power battery, industrial status, economic analysis, sensitivity analysis

摘要：

新能源汽车的快速发展使动力电池回收利用成为研究热点，但关于退役电池回收产业和经济性分析问题研究较少。研究了现阶段国内废旧电池回收产业现状及存在问题，对电池回收利用的经济性及生产经营过程产生的敏感性因素进行分析。同时指出电池回收技术的发展应以“退役动力电池资源再生-高值化锂电原材料”为主线，电池回收企业应积极与新能源汽车行业统筹协调发展、构建区域化回收利用体系、提升产业整体经济性水平，对动力电池回收行业具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 退役动力电池, 产业现状, 经济性分析, 敏感性分析

CLC Number:

TM 912

Jing LI, Gang DU, Juanjuan YIN. Current situation and economic analysis of waste battery recycling industry[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 494-500.

李敬, 杜刚, 殷娟娟. 退役电池回收产业现状及经济性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 494-500.

Figures/Tables 9

References 30

1	王芳, 张邦胜, 刘贵清, 等. 废旧动力电池资源再生利用技术进展[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2018, 36(10): 106-111.
	Wang F, Zhang B S, Liu G Q, et al. Progress in recycling technology of waste power battery resources[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2018, 36(10): 106-111.
2	张学梅, 孙润鹤, 余海军, 等. 新能源汽车动力电池回收体系建设研究[J]. 中国汽车, 2019, (7): 31-33.
	Zhang X M, Sun R H, Yu H J, et al. Research on the construction of the power battery recovery system for new energy vehicles[J]. China Auto, 2019, (7): 31-33.
3	姜伟男, 贲显力, 李祖彬, 等. 新能源汽车回收利用管理工作的新趋势[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2019, (17): 27-29+58.
	Jiang W N, Ben X L, Li Z B, et al. New trends in management of recycling and utilization of new energy vehicle [J]. Automobile Applied Technology, 2019, (17): 27-29+58.
4	朱凌云, 陈铭. 废旧动力电池逆向物流模式及回收网络研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2019, 30(15): 1828-1836.
	Zhu L Y, Chen M. Research on reverse logistics model and recycling network of used power batteries[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 30(15): 1828-1836.
5	王天雅, 宋端梅, 贺文智, 等. 废弃动力锂电池回收再利用技术及经济效益分析[J]. 上海节能, 2019, (10): 814-820.
	Wang T Y, Song T M, He W Z, et al. Recycling strategies and economic efficiency analysis of waste electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries [J]. Shanghai Energy Conservation, 2019, (10): 814-820.
6	卫寿平, 孙杰, 周添, 等. 废旧锂离子电池中金属材料回收技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(6): 1196-1207.
	Wei S H, Sun J, Zhou T, et al. Research development of metals recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2017, 6(6): 1196-1207.
7	高桂兰, 范丹丹, 郭耀广, 等. 报废三元电池的回收处理现状[J]. 环境工程, 2019, 37(7): 159-165.
	Gao G L, Fan D D, Guo Y G, et al. Overview of recycling status of spent ternary batteries [J]. Environmental Engineering, 2019, 37(7): 159-165.
8	郑莹, 凌海, 莫文婷, 等. 废旧镍钴锰酸锂电池正极材料闭环回收[J]. 环境工程学报, 2019, 13(5): 1157-1164.
	Zheng Y, Ling H, Mo W T, et al. Closed-loop recovery of anode materials for spent nickel-cobalt manganate lithium battery [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2019, 13(5): 1157-1164.
9	余海军, 谢英豪, 张铜柱. 车用动力电池回收技术进展[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2014, 24(2): 448-460.
	Yu H J, Xie Y H, Zhang T Z. Technical progress on power batteries recovery for electric vehicle [J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2014, 24(2): 448-460.
10	朱广燕, 刘三兵, 海滨, 等. 动力电池回收及梯次利用研究现状[J]. 电源技术, 2015, 39(7): 1564-1566.
	Zhu G Y, Liu S B, Hai B, et al. Research status of power battery recycling and echelon utilization [J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 39(7): 1564-1566.
11	张学梅, 谢英豪, 余海军, 等. 广东省废旧电池回收利用标准体系分析[J]. 电池, 2019, 49(4): 334-337.
	Zhang X M, Xie Y H, Yu H J, et al. The analysis of standard system for the recycling of spent batteries in Guangdong province [J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2019, 49(4): 334-337.
12	赵新楠, 张艳会. 动力电池生产者责任延伸制度的研究[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2018, 36(7): 114-121.
	Zhao X M, Zhang Y H. Some analyses of the implementation of the extended system of responsibility extension for power battery producers [J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2018, 36(7): 114-121.
13	李震彪, 黎宇科. 发达国家动力电池回收利用法律法规研究[J]. 汽车与配件, 2019, (19): 65-67.
	Li Z B, Li Y K. Research on laws and regulations on power battery recycling in developed countries[J]. Automobile and Parts, 2019, (19): 65-67.
14	袁博. 动力电池报废与回收对策研究[J]. 汽车文摘, 2019, (11): 58-62.
	Yuan B. Countermeasure scare and recovery of power batteries[J]. Automotive Digest, 2019, (11): 58-62.
15	马春梅.动力电池回收存在的问题与解决路径[J]. 科技与创新, 2019, (20): 12-13.
	Ma C M. The problem scare and the solution path[J]. Science and Technology & Innovation, 2019, (20): 12-13.
16	郭家昕, 叶锦和, 王之元, 等. 新能源汽车动力电池回收面临困境及解决方案[J]. 时代汽车, 2018, (8): 48-49.
	Guo J X, Ye J H, Wang Z Y, et al. New energy vehicle power battery recovery dilemma and solutions[J]. Time Auto, 2018, (8): 48-49.
17	李岳聪, 范一鸣, 刘骅萱, 等. 一种新能源汽车动力电池回收综合服务新模式[J]. 现代经济信息, 2019, (15): 370.
	Li Y C, Fan Y M, Liu H X, et al. A new model of integrated service for new energy vehicle power battery recovery[J]. Modern Economic Information, 2019, (15): 370.
18	谢英豪, 余海军, 张铜柱, 等. GB/T 33598—2017《车用动力电池回收利用拆解规范》解读[J]. 电池, 2018, 48(1): 53-55.
	Xie Y H, Yu H J, Zhang T Z, et al. Interpretation of GB/T 33598—2017: Recycling of Traction Battery Used in Electric Vehicle-Dismantling Specification [J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2018, 48(1): 53-55.
19	徐月, 何兴, 刘磊, 等.报废锂离子电池浸泡处理方法[J]. 电源技术, 2019, 43(5): 788-791.
	Xu Y, He X, Liu L, et al. Soaking treatment of scrapped lithium-ion power batteries [J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 43(5): 788-791.
20	陈永珍, 黎华玲, 宋文吉, 等. 废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(2): 237-247.
	Chen Y Z, Li H L, Song W J, et al. A review on recycling technology of spent lithium iron phosphate battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(2): 237-247.
21	潘伟, 黎宇科, 李震彪. 动力电池正极用原材料供应现状和未来发展趋势[J]. 汽车与配件, 2019, (15): 34-36.
	Pan W, Li Y K, Li Z B. Power battery positive raw material supply status and future development trend[J]. Automobile and Parts, 2019, (15): 34-36.
22	尤建新, 段春艳, 黄志明, 等. 动力电池回收的环境质量成本控制模型构建[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(6): 969-975.
	You J X, Duan C Y, Huang Z M, et al. Environmental quality cost control modeling based on power battery recycling [J]. Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science), 2014, 42(6): 969-975.
23	吴芳. 从废旧锂离子二次电池中回收钴和锂[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2004, 14(4): 697-701.
	Wu F. Recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion secondary batteries [J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2004, 14(4): 697-701.
24	彭频, 王锐. 制约动力电池绿色循环利用的关键因素分析[J]. 武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版), 2019, 41(5): 527-531.
	Peng P, Wang R. Analysis on the key factors restricting the green recycling of power battery[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Information & Management Engineering), 2019, 41(5): 527-531.
25	谢英豪, 欧彦楠, 余海军, 等. 废旧车用动力电池安全放电研究[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2017, 43(9): 44-47.
	Xie Y H, Ou Y N, Yu H J, et al. Research on safe discharge for used EV traction battery [J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2017, 43(9): 44-47.
26	马成, 薛辛, 殷康健, 等. 退役动力电池智能拆解、破碎与物料归集技术及其成套装备的研制[J]. 蓄电池, 2018, 55(6): 271-275.
	Ma C, Xue X, Yin K J, et al. Intelligent dismantling, fragmentation and material collection technology of used power battery and development of its complete equipment [J]. Chinese LABAT Man, 2018, 55(6): 271-275.
27	成佐, 何秀玲. 废旧动力电池正负极粉回收工艺的设计与探究[J].资源节约与环保, 2018, (8): 72-74.
	Cheng Z, He X L. Design and inquiry of the positive and negative powder recovery process of waste power battery[J]. Resources Economization & Environmental Protection, 2018, (8): 72-74.
28	余海军, 陈臻, 谢英豪. 车用动力电池单体自动化拆解线有害气体控制实验研究[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2016, (4): 465.
	Yu H J, Chen Z, Xie Y H. Experimental research on harmful gas control of automated traction battery cell disassembling line[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2016, (4): 465.
29	He L P, Sun S Y, Song X F, et al. Leaching process for recovering valuable metals from the LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode of lithium-ion batteries[J].Waste Management, 2017, (64): 171-181.
30	Joulié M, Laucoumet R, Billy E. Hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of high value metals from spent lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide based lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 247(3): 551-555.

工程	费用名称	估算价值/ 万元	合计/ 万元
建设投资	设备购置费	35175.00	68959.15
	主要材料费	4490.00
	安装工程费	4754.50
	建筑工程费	15550.56
	其他建设费	8979.09
固定资产投资		72846.00
全额流动资金(其中：30%铺底流动资金)			39956.67
项目总投资		112802.67
报批项目总投资		84833.00

工程	费用名称	估算价值/ 万元	合计/ 万元
建设投资	设备购置费	35175.00	68959.15
	主要材料费	4490.00
	安装工程费	4754.50
	建筑工程费	15550.56
	其他建设费	8979.09
固定资产投资		72846.00
全额流动资金(其中：30%铺底流动资金)			39956.67
项目总投资		112802.67
报批项目总投资		84833.00

名称	规格	消耗量/(t/a)	价格(含税)/ (元/吨)
退役三元材料动力电池	—	100000	15000
浓硫酸	98%	86850	500
盐酸	30%	1400	120
碳酸钠	95%	26550	2035
液碱	30%	67760	1158
氯化钠	90%	500	500
萃取剂507 (2－乙基己基膦酸单2－乙基己基酯)	AR	50	36000
萃取剂204 (二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯)	AR	48	25964
萃取剂C272 (二(2,4,42三甲基戊基)次膦酸)	AR	55	10000
260#溶剂油	AR	46	7950
包装袋	50 kg/ bag	4065230 bag/a	3.95
包装袋(元明粉)	500 kg/ bag	276780 bag/a	2.6
燃料天然气(锅炉用)	8500 kcal/m³	15000000	2.20

名称	规格	消耗量/(t/a)	价格(含税)/ (元/吨)
退役三元材料动力电池	—	100000	15000
浓硫酸	98%	86850	500
盐酸	30%	1400	120
碳酸钠	95%	26550	2035
液碱	30%	67760	1158
氯化钠	90%	500	500
萃取剂507 (2－乙基己基膦酸单2－乙基己基酯)	AR	50	36000
萃取剂204 (二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯)	AR	48	25964
萃取剂C272 (二(2,4,42三甲基戊基)次膦酸)	AR	55	10000
260#溶剂油	AR	46	7950
包装袋	50 kg/ bag	4065230 bag/a	3.95
包装袋(元明粉)	500 kg/ bag	276780 bag/a	2.6
燃料天然气(锅炉用)	8500 kcal/m³	15000000	2.20

产品名称	产量/ (t/a)	包装方式	价格(含税)/ (元/吨)
硫酸钴	17500	袋装	45000
硫酸镍	43000	袋装	25000
硫酸锰	15600	袋装	6700
工业级无水硫酸钠	71600	袋装	150
硫酸铜	960	袋装	14050
氢氧化铝	420	袋装	50
电池级碳酸锂	10700	袋装	77000
碳粉	12825	袋装	2000
铜箔	4750	袋装	30000
铝箔	2850	袋装	2000
废塑料外壳	2000	袋装	7500
废钢壳、铝壳	14000	袋装	3000