Aggregation characteristics of chlorine bubbles in brine under horizontal uniform electric field conditions

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231147

Abstract

Abstract:

The sizes, the distances between the bubbles, and the coalescence time of chlorine gas bubbles were experimentally measured in brine under electric field conditions in this article. A two-phase flow and the phase field models were used to numerically simulate the coalescence process of chlorine gas bubbles under electric field conditions. The results showed that the deviation of the bubble coalescence time obtained by experimental and numerical methods was 11.0%, indicating a good agreement between them. On this basis, the coalescence process of bubbles under different voltages was analyzed, and the effects of bubble diameter, liquid surface tension, and viscosity on the coalescence process of chlorine gas bubbles were investigated, and their influencing laws were obtained. The results show that within the voltage range of 0—200 V, the larger the voltage, bubble diameter, and liquid viscosity, the larger the bubble spacing, and the longer the coalescence time. The greater the surface tension of the liquid, the smaller the spacing between bubbles, and the shorter the coalescence time.

Key words: bubble coalescence, aggregation time, uniform electric field, numerical simulation, gas-liquid two-phase flow, chlor-alkali industry

摘要：

实验测量了电场条件下盐水中氯气气泡的大小、气泡间距离及其聚并时间。采用两相流和相场模型对电场条件下氯气聚并过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明，采用实验和数值模拟方法所得到的气泡聚并时间的偏差为11.0%，说明两者吻合较好。在此基础上，分析了不同电压下气泡的聚并过程，考察了气泡直径、液体表面张力和黏度对氯气气泡聚并过程的影响。结果表明：在电压为0~200 V范围内，电压、气泡直径和液体黏度越大，气泡间距越大，聚并时间越长；液体的表面张力越大，气泡间距越小，聚并时间越短。

关键词: 气泡聚并, 聚并时间, 均匀电场, 数值模拟, 气液两相流, 氯碱工业

CLC Number:

TK 1211

Xingmei HUANG, Ying ZHANG, Zongyong WANG, Yaxia LI, Li ZHANG. Aggregation characteristics of chlorine bubbles in brine under horizontal uniform electric field conditions[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(12): 4881-4891.

黄杏梅, 张莹, 王宗勇, 李雅侠, 张丽. 水平均匀电场下盐水中氯气气泡的聚并特性[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(12): 4881-4891.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Experimental setup diagram

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of computational domain

Table 1 Physical property parameters of materials

物质	ρ/(kg/m³)	μ/(Pa·s)	ε_r	σ/(N/m)
14%氯化钠溶液	1101	0.00124	82.3	0.07734
氯气	2.985	0.0000133	1.8	—

Fig.3 Grid Division

Fig.4 The time required for bubbles from rest to converge

Fig.5 Comparison of experimental and numerical simulation data

Fig.6 Comparison of bubble spacing between experiments and numerical simulations

Fig.7 Bubble coalescence process under different voltages

Fig.8 Velocity of bubbles under different voltages

Fig.9 The effect of bubble size on bubble spacing and coalescence time

Fig.10 Effect of bubble size on coalescence process（U1=100 V）

Fig.11 The effect of liquid surface tension on bubble spacing and coalescence time

Fig.12 The effect of liquid surface tension on pressure distribution and velocity during coalescence process (t=3 ms, U1=100 V)

Fig.13 Effect of liquid viscosity on coalescence process

References 35

1	Sun S H, Liu J H, Zhang W, et al. Frictional pressure drop for gas-liquid two-phase flow in coiled tubing[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(23): 8969.
2	周小超, 陈远龙, 侯亭波, 等. 基于气液两相流模型的电解加工多场耦合仿真[J]. 中国机械工程, 2019, 30(10): 1135-1141.
	Zhou X C, Chen Y L, Hou T B, et al. Multi-physics coupling simulation of ECM based on gas-liquid two-phase flow model[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 30(10): 1135-1141.
3	张丽, 由钢, 乔霄峰, 等. 氯碱电解槽内压力波动的混沌分析及流型识别[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(S1): 35-44.
	Zhang L, You G, Qiao X F, et al. Chaotic analysis of pressure fluctuation and identification of flow regime in chlor-alkali electrolyzer[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S1): 35-44.
4	陈海伦, 孟庆然, 田爱华. DMFC阳极流道内气泡聚合过程的动力学分析[J]. 电源技术, 2020, 44(1): 59-61, 79.
	Chen H L, Meng Q R, Tian A H. Kinetics analysis of bubble coalescence in anode channel of DMFC[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 44(1): 59-61, 79.
5	李松, 石忠宁, 赵志彬. 铝电解槽中气泡行为的可视化研究现状与进展[J]. 有色金属工程, 2020, 10(9): 66-71.
	Li S, Shi Z N, Zhao Z B. Visual research status and development of bubble behavior in aluminum electrolytic cell[J]. Nonferrous Metals Engineering, 2020, 10(9): 66-71.
6	Zhou Y W, Zhou J M, Chen S H, et al. Bubble behavior in aluminum reduction cell with inert anode[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2018, 25(3): 482-489.
7	孙美佳, 李宝宽. 铝电解气泡运动特性与形貌演变规律的研究进展[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2023, 33(4): 1232-1251.
	Sun M J, Li B K. Research and development of bubble motion characteristics and morphology evolutions in aluminum electrolysis process[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2023, 33(4): 1232-1251.
8	Narayanan S, Goossens L H J, Kossen N W F. Coalescence of two bubbles rising in line at low Reynolds numbers[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1974, 29(10): 2071-2082.
9	Li L R, Kang Y T. Effects of bubble coalescence and breakup on CO₂ absorption performance in nanoabsorbents[J]. Journal of CO₂ Utilization, 2020, 39: 101170.
10	Islam M T, Ganesan P, Sahu J N, et al. Numerical study of co-axial bubble coalescence characteristics[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015, 10(5): 670-680.
11	Katz J, Meneveau C. Wake-induced relative motion of bubbles rising in line[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 1996, 22(2): 239-258.
12	胡园园, 康萁, 代云龙, 等. 气泡聚并的实验研究[J]. 辽宁化工, 2016, 45(8): 996-998.
	Hu Y Y, Kang Q, Dai Y L, et al. Experiment research on bubble coalescence[J]. Liaoning Chemical Industry, 2016, 45(8): 996-998.
13	Chen R, Yu H, Zhu L K. Effects of initial conditions on the coalescence of micro-bubbles[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2018, 232(3): 457-465.
14	Liu J R, Zhu C Y, Wang X D, et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of coalescence and interactions of multiple horizontal bubbles rising in shear-thinning fluids[J]. AIChE Journal, 2015, 61(10): 3528-3546.
15	蒋晓刚, 苑志江, 翟玉婷, 等. 基于COMSOL的气泡聚并行为仿真研究[J]. 计算机仿真, 2019, 36(7): 191-194.
	Jiang X G, Yuan Z J, Zhai Y T, et al. Simulated analysis of the relative location impact on bubbles coalescence behavior in the water based on COMSOL[J]. Computer Simulation, 2019, 36(7): 191-194.
16	Zhang W, Wang J F, Wang Z T, et al. Review of bubble dynamics on charged liquid-gas flow[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2023, 35(2): 021302.
17	Yang Q, Liu Y, Li B Q, et al. Effect of electric field on a 3D rising bubble in viscous fluids[C]// ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference Collocated. 2013.
18	Zhu C S, Han D, Xu S. Phase field simulation of single bubble behavior under an electric field[J]. Chinese Physics B, 2018, 27(9): 094704.
19	陈烁, 王太, 苏硕, 等. 均匀电场中气泡上升特性的实验研究[J]. 力学学报, 2021, 53(10): 2736-2744.
	Chen S, Wang T, Su S, et al. Experimental investigation on rising behavior of single bubble under the effect of uniform DC electric field[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(10): 2736-2744.
20	Zhang W, Wang J F, Wu T Y, et al. Experimental study of bubble dispersion characteristics in a nonuniform electric field[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2022, 61(49): 18203-18212.
21	王悦柔. 匀强电场作用下气泡的上升行为特性研究[D]. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2020.
	Wang Y R. Research on the rising behavior characteristics of bubbles under a uniform electric field [D]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University, 2020.
22	苏巧玲, 王军锋, 张伟, 等. 电场作用下气泡在介电介质中的形成及聚并特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2023, 44(5): 1270-1276.
	Su Q L, Wang J F, Zhang W, et al. Investigation on bubble generation and coalescence characteristics in dielectric medium under electric field[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2023, 44(5): 1270-1276.
23	Antal S P, Lahey R T, Flaherty J E. Analysis of phase distribution in fully developed laminar bubbly two-phase flow[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 1991, 17(5): 635-652.
24	Zhu C S, Han D, Feng L, et al. Multi-bubble motion behavior of electric field based on phase field model[J]. Chinese Physics B, 2019, 28(3): 034701.
25	Cahn J W, Hilliard J E. Free energy of a nonuniform system(Ⅰ): Interfacial free energy[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1958, 28(2): 258-267.
26	Melcher J R, Taylor G I. Electrohydrodynamics: a review of the role of interfacial shear stresses[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1969, 1(1): 111-146.
27	Saville D A. Electrohydrodynamics: the taylor-melcher leaky dielectric model[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1997, 29: 27-64.
28	刘光启, 马连湘, 项曙光. 化学化工物性数据手册-有机卷[M]. 2版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2013.
	Liu G Q, Ma L X, Xiang S G. Handbook of Physical Properties of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering-Organic Volume[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2013.
29	北京石油化工工程公司. 氯碱工业理化常数手册(修订本)[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 1988.
	Beijing Petrochemical Engineering Company. Handbook of Physical and Chemical Constants of Chlor-alkali Industry[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 1988.
30	陈延禧, 沈曼丽, 郑平. DSA/NaCl体系电解析出的氯气泡及其影响因素[J]. 化工学报, 1992, 43(5): 556-561.
	Chen Y X, Shen M L, Zheng P. Electrolytic evolution of chlorine bubbles from DSA/NaCl system[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (China), 1992, 43(5): 556-561.
31	Stewart C W. Bubble interaction in low-viscosity liquids[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 1995, 21(6): 1037-1046.
32	Saffman P G. On the rise of small air bubbles in water[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1956, 1(3): 249-275.
33	Di Marco P. The use of electric force as a replacement of buoyancy in two-phase flow[J]. Microgravity Science and Technology, 2012, 24(3): 215-228.
34	林圣享, 朱宝杰, 易义武, 等. Marangoni效应下气泡上升过程的FTM模拟[J]. 计算力学学报, 2019, 36(1): 52-58.
	Lin S X, Zhu B J, Yi Y W, et al. Front tracking simulation of bubble rising under the Marangoni effect[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2019, 36(1): 52-58.
35	Liu B, Manica R, Liu Q X, et al. Nanoscale transport during liquid film thinning inhibits bubble coalescing behavior in electrolyte solutions[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2023, 131(10): 104003.

[1]	Jiahao SONG, Wen WANG. Study on coupling operation characteristics of Stirling engine and high temperature heat pipe [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[2]	Siyu ZHANG, Yonggao YIN, Pengqi JIA, Wei YE. Study on seasonal thermal energy storage characteristics of double U-shaped buried pipe group [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[3]	Zhanyu YE, He SHAN, Zhenyuan XU. Performance simulation of paper folding-like evaporator for solar evaporation systems [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 132-140.
[4]	Yifei ZHANG, Fangchen LIU, Shuangxing ZHANG, Wenjing DU. Performance analysis of printed circuit heat exchanger for supercritical carbon dioxide [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[5]	Zhiguo WANG, Meng XUE, Yushuang DONG, Tianzhen ZHANG, Xiaokai QIN, Qiang HAN. Numerical simulation and analysis of geothermal rock mass heat flow coupling based on fracture roughness characterization method [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[6]	Song HE, Qiaomai LIU, Guangshuo XIE, Simin WANG, Juan XIAO. Two-phase flow simulation and surrogate-assisted optimization of gas film drag reduction in high-concentration coal-water slurry pipeline [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[7]	Lei XING, Chunyu MIAO, Minghu JIANG, Lixin ZHAO, Xinya LI. Optimal design and performance analysis of downhole micro gas-liquid hydrocyclone [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3394-3406.
[8]	Chen HAN, Youmin SITU, Bin ZHU, Jianliang XU, Xiaolei GUO, Haifeng LIU. Study of reaction and flow characteristics in multi-nozzle pulverized coal gasifier with co-processing of wastewater [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3266-3278.
[9]	Xiaosong CHENG, Yonggao YIN, Chunwen CHE. Performance comparison of different working pairs on a liquid desiccant dehumidification system with vacuum regeneration [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3494-3501.
[10]	Wenzhu LIU, Heming YUN, Baoxue WANG, Mingzhe HU, Chonglong ZHONG. Research on topology optimization of microchannel based on field synergy and entransy dissipation [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3329-3341.
[11]	Rui HONG, Baoqiang YUAN, Wenjing DU. Analysis on mechanism of heat transfer deterioration of supercritical carbon dioxide in vertical upward tube [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3309-3319.
[12]	Kexin HUANG, Tong LI, Anqi LI, Mei LIN. Mode decomposition of flow field in T-junction with rotating impeller [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2848-2857.
[13]	Fangzhe SHI, Yunhua GAN. Numerical simulation of start-up characteristics and heat transfer performance of ultra-thin heat pipe [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2814-2823.
[14]	Xingchi ZHU, Zhiyuan GUO, Zhiyong JI, Jing WANG, Panpan ZHANG, Jie LIU, Yingying ZHAO, Junsheng YUAN. Simulation and optimization of selective electrodialysis magnesium and lithium separation process [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2477-2485.
[15]	Juhui CHEN, Qian ZHANG, Lingfeng SHU, Dan LI, Xin XU, Xiaogang LIU, Chenxi ZHAO, Xifeng CAO. Study on flow characteristics of nanoparticles in a rotating fluidized bed based on DEM method [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2374-2381.