Research progress on surface coating modification of nickel-rich cathode materials for high energy density lithium-ion battery

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240740

Abstract

Abstract:

Layered lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi_1-_x_-_y Co _x Mn _y O₂, 0<x+y<1) is one of the most popular cathode materials for power lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and low cost. However, issues such as irreversible phase transitions and transition metal ion dissolution during lithium cycling, caused by lithium ion extraction and lattice oxygen loss, lead to capacity degradation, structural deterioration, and safety concerns. These issues severely limit its application in electric vehicles. Surface coating modification techniques aim to enhance the cycling stability and safety performance of the cathode materials by improving interface stability between the cathode material and electrolyte, suppressing micro-crack formation, and enhancing the thermal stability of the batteries. This article systematically introduces a series of innovative coating strategies developed by our research group to improve the electrochemical performance of high-nickel ternary cathode materials, based on the analysis of interface degradation mechanisms of high-nickel ternary cathode materials. The goal is to provide new insights for the development and application of high-performance lithium-ion battery cathode materials.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, energy density, nickel-rich cathode materials, interface degradation, coating modification

摘要：

层状镍钴锰酸锂（LiNi_1－_x_－_y Co _x Mn _y O₂，0<x+y<1）因具有能量密度高和成本低等优点，是备受关注的动力锂离子电池正极材料之一。然而，该材料在充放电循环过程中因锂离子脱出和晶格氧逸散引起的不可逆相变、过渡金属离子溶出等因素导致容量衰减、结构损坏和安全隐患，严重制约了其在电动汽车上的应用。表面包覆改性技术通过增加正极材料与电解质之间的界面稳定性、抑制微裂纹产生以及提高电池的热稳定性，能够有效提升正极材料的循环稳定性和安全性能。本文在分析高镍三元正极材料界面降解机制的基础上，系统介绍本课题组在提升高镍正极材料电化学性能方面开展的一系列创新性包覆策略，旨在为高性能锂离子电池正极材料的开发应用提供新的思路。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 能量密度, 高镍正极材料, 界面降解, 包覆改性

CLC Number:

TM 911

Chengzhi HU, Guoxian WANG, Weijian TANG, Afei LI, Zhangxian CHEN, Zeheng YANG, Weixin ZHANG. Research progress on surface coating modification of nickel-rich cathode materials for high energy density lithium-ion battery[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(11): 4020-4036.

胡成志, 王国贤, 唐伟建, 李阿飞, 陈章贤, 杨则恒, 张卫新. 高比能锂离子电池高镍正极材料的表面包覆改性研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(11): 4020-4036.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 The working principle of lithium-ion batteries and the development of electrode materials[27]

Fig.2 The crystal cell and electronic structures of nickel-rich cathode materials[28-30]

Fig.3 Schematic mechanism of cathode material degradation and its coating modification

Fig.4 Scheme of coating modification strategies for nickel-rich cathode materials facing the challenges

Fig.5 Uniform coating of Li2TiO3 on the surface of NCM811 cathode material based on near-equilibrium deposition strategy[68]

Fig.6 Stabilization of NCM811 cathode material via AlCl3 etching-induced coating modification strategy[69]

Fig.7 Uniform coating of NCM811 cathode materials via covalent interface engineering[70]

Fig.8 Constructing amorphous stabilizing coating on NCM811 cathode material surface via lactic acid assisted strategy[76]

Fig.9 Formation of stable LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 coating based on electrochemical conversion strategy[60]

Fig.10 Inducing uniform LiTaO3 coating based on surface enrichment strategy[77]

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