Effect of throttle parameters on operating performance of thermodynamic vent system in liquid nitrogen tank

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181509

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the pressure control behavior of cryogenic propellant tank and operating performance of thermodynamic vent system (TVS), a set of high-efficiency cryogenic fluid storage platform with liquid nitrogen as storage medium was set up, to simulate the pressure variations of liquid oxygen tank under the operation of TVS. The single variable control method was used to carry out the experimental research, which concentrate on the pressure control of TVS in a liquid nitrogen (LN₂) tank with different throttle rates and modes. The pressure, temperature variations and vent mass loss of LN₂ tank under different throttling parameters were analyzed. It was found that the duty rate of TVS decreases significantly with the increase of throttle rate, and the cooling capacity of the system is increased, which greatly reduces the TVS operating time. Based on the principle of reducing the working time and fluid mass loss, the optimal throttling ratio of TVS is obtained. On the other hand, the throttle opening has a remarkable influence on the cooling power of TVS, the large pressure difference helps to improve the cooling power.

Key words: liquid nitrogen tank, pressure control, throttle, experimental investigation

摘要：

为了研究低温推进剂贮箱的控压特性和热力排气系统的运行特性，搭建了一套以液氮为贮存工质的低温流体高效贮存平台，用于模拟液氧贮箱在热力排气系统运行下的压力变化规律。采用单一变量控制法，进行了不同节流比和节流形式下的液氮贮箱热力排气系统控压的实验研究。分析了不同节流参数下液氮贮箱的压力、温度变化特性和排气质量损失。研究发现，当节流比从2%增大到16%时，系统运行占空比从3.42减小到了2.31，但流体损失量也从0.5%增加到了3.3%。以减少系统工作时间和流体质量损失为原则，得到了液相节流条件下热力排气系统的最优节流比为8%。节流开度同样对热力排气系统的制冷量影响明显，小开度带来的大压差有利于提高系统制冷量。

关键词: 液氮贮箱, 压力控制, 节流, 实验研究

CLC Number:

V 511.6

Bin WANG, Jiangdao LI, Yonghua HUANG, Jingyi WU, Tianxiang WANG, Gang LEI. Effect of throttle parameters on operating performance of thermodynamic vent system in liquid nitrogen tank[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S2): 101-107.

汪彬, 李江道, 黄永华, 吴静怡, 王天祥, 雷刚. 节流参数对液氮贮箱热力排气系统运行特性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(S2): 101-107.

Figures/Tables 9

References 21

1	LewandowskiC. NASA’s exploration systems architecture study[R]. NASA-TM-214062, 2005.
2	StarkeJ. Human mission to moon final architecture review[R]. AIAA2005-6738, 2005.
3	果琳丽, 王平, 梁鲁, 等. 载人月面着陆及起飞技术初步研究[J]. 航天返回与遥感, 2013, 34(4): 10-16.
	GuoL L, WangP, LiangL, et al. Preliminary research on manned lunar landing and lifting off technology [J]. Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing, 2013, 34(4): 10-16.
4	FlachbartR, HastingsL, MartinJ. Testing of a spray bar zero gravity cryogenic vent system for upper stages [C]// The 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Los Angeles, CA, 1999.
5	FlachbartR, HastingsL, HedayatA. Spray bar zero-gravity vent system for on-orbit liquid hydrogen storage [R]. NASA/TM-2003-212926, 2003.
6	HedayatA, BaileyJ, HastingsL. Test data analysis of a spray bar zero-g liquid hydrogen vent system for upper stages [C]// The 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Los Angeles, CA, 1999.
7	FlachbartR, HastingsL, HedayatA, et al. Testing the effects of helium pressurant on thermodynamic vent system performance with liquid hydrogen [J]. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 2008, 985(1): 1483-1490.
8	HastingsL, BolshinskiyL, HedayatA, et al. Liquid methane testing with a large-scale spray bar thermodynamic vent system [R]. NASA/TP-2014-218197, 2014.
9	FlachbartR, HastingsL, HedayatA, et al. Thermodynamic vent system performance testing with subcooled liquid methane and gaseous helium pressurant [J]. Cryogenics, 2008, 48(5/6): 217-222.
10	FlachbartR, HastingsL, HedayatA, et al. Testing of a spray-bar thermodynamic vent system in liquid nitrogen [C]// AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP, 2006, 823: 240-247.
11	HedayatA, NelsonS, HastingsL, et al. Liquid nitrogen (oxygen simulant) thermodynamic vent system test data analysis [C]//AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP, 2006, 823: 232-239.
12	VanOverbekeT. Thermodynamic vent system test in a low earth orbit simulation [C]// The 40th AIAA/SAE /ASME /ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2004: 11-14.
13	VanD. Low-gravity pressure volume temperature gauging concept demonstrated with liquid oxygen [J]. Power and Propulsion, 2007: 31-32.
14	ThibaultJ, CorreC, DemeureL, et al. Thermodynamic control systems for cryogenic propellant storage during long missions [C]//The ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2014.
15	MerS, ThibaultJ, CorreC. Active insulation technique applied to the experimental analysis of a thermodynamic control system for cryogenic propellant storage [J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2016, 8(2): 021024.
16	LiuZ, LiY, ZhouK. Thermal analysis of double-pipe heat exchanger in thermodynamic vent system [J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2016, 126: 837–849.
17	陈忠灿, 李鹏, 黄永华,等. 工作于室温温区的热力学排气系统装置及初步测试[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2017, 51(7): 8-15.
	ChenZ C, LiP, HuangY H, et al. Simulation of a thermodynamic vent system working at room temperature and its preliminary pressurization testing [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2017, 51(7): 8-15.
18	WangB, HuangY, WuJ, et al. Performance of thermodynamic vent system for cryogenic propellant storage using different control strategies [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 126: 100-107.
19	WangB, HuangY, WuJ, et al. Experimental study on pressure control of liquid nitrogen tank by thermodynamic vent system [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 125: 1037-1046.
20	LiuZ, XiaS, LiY, et al. Ground experimental investigation of thermodynamic vent system with HCFC123 [J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2017, 122: 218-230.
21	LiuZ, LiY, ZhangS, et al. Experimental study on thermodynamic vent system with different influence factors [J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2017, 3: 1-16.

Position	r /m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m
T1	-0.10	1.91	T8	-0.10	1.35	T15	-0.10	0.63	T22	0	1.15
T2	-0.10	1.83	T9	-0.10	1.29	T16	-0.10	0.45	T23	-0.20	1.15
T3	-0.10	1.75	T10	-0.10	1.23	T17	0.10	1.75	T24	-0.30	1.15
T4	-0.10	1.67	T11	-0.10	1.15	T18	0	1.75	T25	0.10	0.45
T5	-0.10	1.59	T12	-0.10	1.05	T19	-0.20	1.75	T26	0	0.45
T6	-0.10	1.51	T13	-0.10	0.93	T20	-0.30	1.75	T27	-0.20	0.45
T7	-0.10	1.43	T14	-0.10	0.79	T21	0.10	1.15	T28	-0.30	0.45

Position	r /m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m	Position	r/m	z/m
T1	-0.10	1.91	T8	-0.10	1.35	T15	-0.10	0.63	T22	0	1.15
T2	-0.10	1.83	T9	-0.10	1.29	T16	-0.10	0.45	T23	-0.20	1.15
T3	-0.10	1.75	T10	-0.10	1.23	T17	0.10	1.75	T24	-0.30	1.15
T4	-0.10	1.67	T11	-0.10	1.15	T18	0	1.75	T25	0.10	0.45
T5	-0.10	1.59	T12	-0.10	1.05	T19	-0.20	1.75	T26	0	0.45
T6	-0.10	1.51	T13	-0.10	0.93	T20	-0.30	1.75	T27	-0.20	0.45
T7	-0.10	1.43	T14	-0.10	0.79	T21	0.10	1.15	T28	-0.30	0.45

工况	充注率/ %	节流比/ %	节流方式	节流开度/ %	压力控制带/kPa
C1	50	2	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C2	50	4	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C3	50	6	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C4	50	8	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C5	50	10	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C6	50	12	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C7	50	14	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C8	50	16	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C9	50	8	气液两相节流	16.7	220~260
C10	50	8	气液两相节流	33.3	220~260
C11	50	8	气液两相节流	50	220~260

工况	充注率/ %	节流比/ %	节流方式	节流开度/ %	压力控制带/kPa
C1	50	2	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C2	50	4	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C3	50	6	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C4	50	8	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C5	50	10	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C6	50	12	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C7	50	14	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C8	50	16	液相节流	16.7	220~260
C9	50	8	气液两相节流	16.7	220~260
C10	50	8	气液两相节流	33.3	220~260
C11	50	8	气液两相节流	50	220~260

[1]	Shaohua ZHOU, Feilong ZHAN, Guoliang DING, Hao ZHANG, Yanpo SHAO, Yantao LIU, Zheming GAO. Experimental study of flow noise in short tube throttle valve and noise reduction measures [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 113-121.
[2]	Bowen LIU, Shuai DENG, Shuangjun LI, Li ZHAO, Zhenyu DU, Lijin CHEN. Experimental investigation on energy-efficiency performance of temperature swing adsorption system for CO₂ capture [J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 382-390.
[3]	Fengguo TIAN, Tian ZHU, Dezheng KONG, Ming LEI. Residence time of large particles in fluidized beds with non-uniform gas introducing [J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(4): 1520-1527.
[4]	HUANG Yonghua, CHEN Zhongcan, WANG Bin, LI Peng, SUN Peijie. Effect of pressure control strategy on performance of thermodynamic vent system for storage tank [J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(12): 4702-4708.
[5]	WANG Bin, WANG Tianxiang, HUANG Yonghua, WU Jingyi, LEI Gang. Modeling and pressure control characteristics of thermodynamic venting system in liquid hydrogen storage tank [J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(S2): 20-25.
[6]	ZHANG Jun, ZANG Xiaogang, ZHANG Yuanchun, HE Hongzhou, CHEN Huaimin. Dynamic characteristics of plume/jet from underwater pipe downward leakage [J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(12): 4969-4975.
[7]	CHEN Zhongcan, HUANG Yonghua, WANG Bin, LI Peng, SUN Peijie, WANG Tianxiang, CUI Jiaxun. Effect on self-pressurization characteristics and mass loss of thermodynamic vent system for refrigerant R141b by heat load [J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(10): 4047-4054.
[8]	YANG Yuanlong. Design study of new throttle orifice applying to marine condensation regulating pipeline [J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(S2): 95-100.