Abstract: In this review，the difference in the action mode between antibacterial polymers and low molecular weight antibacterial agents is compared. By using antibacterial polymers，the efficacy of some existing antimicrobial agents can be enhanced，the environmental problems can be minimized due to the reduction of residual toxicity，and their selectivity and prolonging the lifetime are also increased. In order to provide useful guidelines for further studies，the research on antibacterial polymers is summarized，including the main types，structural characteristics，antibacterial mechanism，and structure-activity relationship，etc. The perspectives of antibacterial polymers in the field of water purification systems，medical devices，and health care products are also discussed.

Key words: polymers, antibacterial performance, action mode, structure-activity relationship

摘要： 比较了高分子抗菌剂和小分子抗菌剂在作用方式上的区别，说明了高分子抗菌剂具有抗菌活性和选择性强、效果持久、安全无毒等优点，具有良好的研究价值。还介绍了高分子抗菌剂的研究现状，包括主要类型、结构特点、抗菌机理、构效关系等方面的内容，旨在为后续研究提供参考。最后对高分子抗菌剂的应用前景作了展望，认为其有望在水净化、医疗设备和卫生用品等对安全性要求更高的领域将获得大量应用。

关键词: 高分子, 抗菌性能, 作用机理, 构效关系