Analysis of the influence of microlayer evaporation on single-bubble pool boiling by coupling the experimental observations and numerical simulations

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201396

Abstract

Abstract:

The evaporation of the micro-liquid layer is an important heat exchange mechanism in the boiling process. This paper aims to investigate the heat transfer mechanism in boiling surface with an isolated bubble via the bubble dynamics observed in the boiling experiment. The single-bubble pool boiling was realized and the sequential images of the growth of the single bubble under different input heat fluxes were obtained first. The bubble sizes and radii of the root adhesive to the heating surface during the bubble period were further measured. Through the comparison between the measured bubble growth rate and the variation of bubble root radius, it is found that, the bubble growth rate is remarkably correlated with the variation of bubble root radius, whereas its correlation with the evolution of the macro-liquid layer region is relatively lower. This indicates that it is the evaporation of the micro-liquid layer underneath the growing bubble, rather than the macro-liquid layer at the vicinity of the bubble that plays a dominant role in the phase change process of single-bubble boiling. A numerical model of boiling heat transfer was established by matching the observed variation of bubble growth rates and measured temperatures of discrete points on the basis of micro-liquid layer evaporation. The heated surface was divided into three parts with different heat transfer mechanisms: dry area, micro-liquid layer region and natural convection region. Through multiple iterative computations for matching the measured data of bubble growth and the temperature underneath the heating surface, the micro-liquid layer thickness can be predicted as 3.43 μm when the surface superheat was 4.82 K. The predicted micro-liquid layer thickness is in a favorable agreement with the available references, which further confirms the dominant role of micro-liquid layer evaporation during the phase change of isolated-bubble boiling. This work provides theoretical basis for the future numerical simulation of isolated-bubble boiling heat transfer.

Key words: phase change, evaporation, bubble, bubble growth rate, evolution of bubble root radius, prediction of micro-liquid layer thickness

摘要：

微液层蒸发是沸腾过程中重要的换热机理。本文旨在通过单个气泡池沸腾实验中测得的气泡动态参数探究孤立气泡生长过程中加热表面的换热机理。首先通过沸腾池和加热表面的严格设计实现了单个气泡沸腾。进一步通过对孤立气泡生长时序图像的处理，得到了气泡在一个生长周期内气泡直径、纵横比以及气泡根部基圆半径的变化。对比发现，气泡生长速率与气泡根部基圆半径随时间的变化呈现显著正相关，而与大液层区域的变化相关程度较低，这表明微液层蒸发直接影响气泡体积变化，在孤立气泡沸腾过程中起主导作用。在此基础上进一步建立了加热表面换热过程的数值模型，基于实验中测得的气泡动态参数对气泡底层的微液层厚度进行了预测；通过多次迭代计算并匹配气泡生长速率和加热棒的温度发现，当表面过热度为4.82 K时，气泡底层微液层厚度约为3.43 μm，与相关文献中的微液层厚度测量值基本一致，进一步证实了微液层蒸发在孤立气泡沸腾换热过程中的重要性。本研究揭示了孤立气泡池沸腾过程中近壁面处的换热机制，为进一步的孤立气泡沸腾传热过程数值模拟奠定了理论基础。

关键词: 相变, 蒸发, 气泡, 气泡生长速率, 基圆半径变化, 微液层厚度预测

CLC Number:

TK 124

PAN Feng, WANG Chaojie, MU Lizhong, HE Ying. Analysis of the influence of microlayer evaporation on single-bubble pool boiling by coupling the experimental observations and numerical simulations[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(5): 2514-2527.

潘丰, 王超杰, 母立众, 贺缨. 池沸腾孤立气泡生长过程中微液层蒸发影响的实验和模拟耦合分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(5): 2514-2527.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the microlayer and macrolayer underneath a vapor bubble

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for single bubble boiling system

Fig.3 The extracting procedure of bubble outlines and the comparison of the obtained bubble outlines with the original images

Fig.4 The measurement of the bubble volume from the bubble growing images

Fig.5 The variation of vapor-liquid interface and bubble root during the bubble growing period

Fig.6 The variations of bubble height, diameter, volume, contact angle, buoyancy and surface tension with time during the bubble growth period

Fig.7 Comparison of the bubble growth rates with the bubble root radii and macrolayer regions measured in the experiment

Fig.8 Schematics of the calculated domain and the heat transfer mechanisms on the boiling surface

Fig.9 The matching strategy between the simulation of boiling surface heat transfer with the measured bubble dynamics

Fig.10 The local superheat at the position of thermal couple TTC in simulations with different mesh sizes

Fig.11 The simulated variations of bubble root, dry area and microlayer region radii with time

Fig.12 The comparison of the simulated and experimental bubble growth rate

Fig.13 The simulated variations of the mean superheat on the heated surface and the local superheat at the position of 2.5 mm below the surface (a) and the mean superheat of heated surface within one bubble period (b)

Fig.14 The superheat distributions of the heated surface in the simulation and the positions of bubble interface of the experiment at different moments

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