Research progress of latent fingerprint optical visualization technology based on aggregation induced emission materials

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250450

Abstract

Abstract:

The visualization and extraction of latent fingerprints is a key technology in forensic science. Traditional methods have many limitations in terms of visualization efficiency, tertiary feature clarity, applicable object range, and biocompatibility. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, offering unique optical properties, have provided new perspectives for this field. This review systematically summarizes the luminescence mechanisms of AIEgens and their application progress in the optical visualization of latent fingerprints. It encompasses the development of laser gain materials covering the 350—750 nm wavelength range and the practical implementation of micro-mesh nebulization technology. The review highlights the AIE-based visualization mechanism grounded in the restriction of intramolecular motion. It further critically assesses the current application status from three key aspects: the underlying interaction mechanisms, luminescence modes, and visualization methodologies. Concurrently, limitations in current research are analyzed. Future development trends are also prospected, including the establishment of standardized fingerprint evaluation systems, enhancement of visualization performance, and innovation in technical approaches. This work aims to provide theoretical and technical foundations for the in-situ visualization of latent fingerprints, trace substance detection, and non-destructive extraction of biological evidence.

Key words: aggregation-induced emission, nanomaterials, electrochemistry, imaging, photoluminescence, latent fingerprints

摘要：

潜指印的显现和提取是法庭科学领域的关键技术之一，传统方法在显现效率、三级特征清晰度、适用客体范围及生物兼容性等方面存在诸多局限。聚集诱导发光（AIE）材料因其独特光学特性为该领域提供了新思路。系统综述AIE材料（AIEgens）的发光机制及其在潜指印光学显现中的应用进展，涵盖覆盖350～750 nm波段的激光增益材料开发及微网雾化技术实践。重点阐释基于分子内运动受限机制的AIE显现机理，并从作用机制、发光模式与显现方法三方面评述应用现状。同时分析当前研究的局限，并展望指纹评价标准体系完善、显现性能提升及技术创新等发展趋势，为潜指印原位可视化、痕量物质检测及生物检材无损提取提供理论依据与技术参考。

关键词: 聚集诱导发光, 纳米材料, 电化学, 成像, 光致发光, 潜指印

CLC Number:

TQ 422

Shuai LIANG, Shuhui GAO, Yongli YAN, Guirong WANG, Yinxuan QU. Research progress of latent fingerprint optical visualization technology based on aggregation induced emission materials[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(12): 6236-6257.

梁帅, 高树辉, 闫永丽, 王贵容, 屈音璇. 基于聚集诱导发光材料的潜指印光学显现技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(12): 6236-6257.

Figures/Tables 27

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	Guo L J, Gao S H, Liang S, et al. Time-resolved in-situ aggregation-induced activation for latent fingerprint imaging[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(2): 78-86.

指印分泌物质	成份	化学结构
外分泌汗腺（汗液）	有机物：蛋白质、多肽（200mg/L）葡萄糖（3.5mg/L）乳酸（3.15mg/L）；氨基酸（1.45mg/L）尿素（2mg/L）丙酮酸（2mg/L）
外分泌汗腺（汗液）	无机物：水（98%~99%）氯离子（3.5g/L）钠离子（3.3g/L钾离子（0.2g/L）镁离子（0.04g/L）铁离子（3.5mg/L）钙离子（2mg/L）碳酸氢盐（107mg/L）硫酸盐（10mg/L）磷酸盐（1.4mg/L）
皮脂腺（脂质）	游离脂肪酸（37.6％）甘油三脂、胆固醇脂（25％）蜡脂（21％）角鲨烯（14.6％）胆固醇（3.8％）
顶分泌汗腺	有机物：蛋白质、胆固醇、类固醇无机物：铁	—

指印分泌物质	成份	化学结构
外分泌汗腺（汗液）	有机物：蛋白质、多肽（200mg/L）葡萄糖（3.5mg/L）乳酸（3.15mg/L）；氨基酸（1.45mg/L）尿素（2mg/L）丙酮酸（2mg/L）
外分泌汗腺（汗液）	无机物：水（98%~99%）氯离子（3.5g/L）钠离子（3.3g/L钾离子（0.2g/L）镁离子（0.04g/L）铁离子（3.5mg/L）钙离子（2mg/L）碳酸氢盐（107mg/L）硫酸盐（10mg/L）磷酸盐（1.4mg/L）
皮脂腺（脂质）	游离脂肪酸（37.6％）甘油三脂、胆固醇脂（25％）蜡脂（21％）角鲨烯（14.6％）胆固醇（3.8％）
顶分泌汗腺	有机物：蛋白质、胆固醇、类固醇无机物：铁	—

λ_Ex/nm	操作方法	显现效果	性能验证	指印质量评价	文献
365	刷显	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	灰度分析法	[71]
365	刷显	三级特征，无背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[73]
365	浸泡、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	灰度分析法、特征标划法、系统特征匹配法	[75-77]
365	浸泡/喷涂	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，常见客体适用、稳定性、安全性、对比度、灵敏度、选择性研究	灰度分析法特征标划法	[79]
365	浸泡、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究，老化指纹显现研究	特征标划法	[80]
365	浸泡、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[81]
365	滴涂	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，常见客体适用性研究	特征标划法人工特征匹配法	[82]
365	浸泡、冲洗	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[85]
365	喷洒	三级特征，无背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，常见客体适用研究，老化指纹显现研究	灰度分析法特征标划法	[88]
365	滴涂	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征观察法	[89]
365	浸泡	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，非渗透性客体适用研究，老化指纹显现研究，灵敏度研究	灰度分析法、特征标划法、人工特征匹配法	[90]
365	喷洒	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，非渗透性客体适用、客体表面磨损干扰研究	特征标划法	[91]
445	雾化	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，非渗透性客体适用、快速性、接触DNA 影响研究	特征标划法	[92]
365	浸泡/雾化	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，常见客体适用，水中指纹、老化指纹显现研究	灰度分析法、特征标划法、人工特征匹配法	[93]
365	滴涂、冲洗	二级特征，部分三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[94]
365	浸泡、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	灰度分析法、特征标划法、系统特征匹配法	[75]
365	熏显、滴涂、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[95]

λ_Ex/nm	操作方法	显现效果	性能验证	指印质量评价	文献
365	刷显	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	灰度分析法	[71]
365	刷显	三级特征，无背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[73]
365	浸泡、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	灰度分析法、特征标划法、系统特征匹配法	[75-77]
365	浸泡/喷涂	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，常见客体适用、稳定性、安全性、对比度、灵敏度、选择性研究	灰度分析法特征标划法	[79]
365	浸泡、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究，老化指纹显现研究	特征标划法	[80]
365	浸泡、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[81]
365	滴涂	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，常见客体适用性研究	特征标划法人工特征匹配法	[82]
365	浸泡、冲洗	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[85]
365	喷洒	三级特征，无背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，常见客体适用研究，老化指纹显现研究	灰度分析法特征标划法	[88]
365	滴涂	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征观察法	[89]
365	浸泡	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，非渗透性客体适用研究，老化指纹显现研究，灵敏度研究	灰度分析法、特征标划法、人工特征匹配法	[90]
365	喷洒	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，非渗透性客体适用、客体表面磨损干扰研究	特征标划法	[91]
445	雾化	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，非渗透性客体适用、快速性、接触DNA 影响研究	特征标划法	[92]
365	浸泡/雾化	三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，常见客体适用，水中指纹、老化指纹显现研究	灰度分析法、特征标划法、人工特征匹配法	[93]
365	滴涂、冲洗	二级特征，部分三级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[94]
365	浸泡、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	灰度分析法、特征标划法、系统特征匹配法	[75]
365	熏显、滴涂、冲洗	二级特征，有背景荧光干扰	指印样本未裁切，仅非渗透性客体适用研究	特征标划法	[95]