Abstract: In order to obtain the frictional characteristics of fully developed Taylor flow in the vertical capillary tube, numerical simulations of the flow in the capillary tube with diameter of 2 mm were conducted by using the moving frame reference method. The shape, rising velocity of Taylor bubble, liquid film thickness and pressure drop were obtained using two different working fluids and analyzed. Simulation results showed that the length of Taylor bubble and the radius of curvature increased with increasing two-phase superficial velocity V_tp. The length of Taylor bubble also increased with increasing gas void ξ_g, while the nose and tail of Taylor bubble were independent of ξ_g. Dimensionless thickness of liquid film and rising velocity of Taylor bubbles were proportional to capillary number Ca. Friction factor f_c decreased with increasing V_tp and ξ_g. The f_c of Taylor flow with N₂/ (CH₂OH)₂ as working fluid was lower than that of single phase with the same V_tp, while the f_c for N₂/H₂O was higher than that of single phase. The model proposed by Lockhart and Martinelli, and the flow pattern dependent model proposed by Kreutzer et al. could predict the pressure drop obtained from simulation with an error of ±10%. The Chisholm number C 5 which was recommended for conventional tube when both phases were laminar was also reasonable for the capillary tube in the simulation work.

Key words: Taylor bubble, gas-liquid flow, numerical simulation, capillary tubes, relative coordinate

摘要： 采用相对坐标系方法,研究毛细管(d 2mm)内充分发展垂直上升气液Taylor流动,分析两种工作介质下Taylor气泡的形状、上升速度、液膜厚度以及压降特性。结果表明:随着两相表观速度(V_tp)增大,Taylor气泡长度增大,气泡尾部曲率半径增大。气泡长度及内部回流区随着气泡体积分数(ξ_g)增大而增大,量纲1液膜厚度与气泡上升速度与毛细数(Ca)正相关,模拟结果与经验公式吻合较好。摩擦阻力因子(f_c)随V_tp与ξ_g的增大而降低,N₂/乙二醇为工质的Taylor流动f_c低于单相情况,而N₂/水为工质的Taylor流动f_c高于单相情况。Kreutzer等的流型依赖公式以及Lockhart等的分离模型可较好预测本文的两相压降,模拟结果与预测值的误差在±10%以内,常规通道所推荐C 5仍然适用于本文毛细管情况。

关键词: Taylor气泡, 气液两相流, 数值模拟, 毛细管, 相对坐标系