Abstract:

An experimental prototype of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) was built for low-temperature waste heat power generation. With R123 as working fluid, heat transfer oil as the waste heat source, and radial inflow turbine as expander, a series of tests were carried out by adjusting the R123 mass flow rate to evaluate the performance of apparatus and system. The temperature rise and entropy increase of hydraulic diaphragm pump were lower, and consumed power increased with the mass flow rate. The pressure drop in the evaporator was greater than that in the condenser, and both increased with the mass flow rate of R123. The isentropic efficiency of the radial inflow turbine increased first and then decreased with the increase of R123 flow rate, with the maximum value of 0.775 kg·s^-1 and the optimum value of 0.215 kg·s^-1. The system output power increased monotonously to 2.009 kW as the flow rate of R123 increased to 0.283 kg·s^-1. Exergy destruction rate of evaporator was the largest parts in total exergy destruction rate, followed by condenser and radial inflow turbine, about 62%, 32% and 6%, respectively, under the optimum condition.

Key words: organic Rankine cycle, waste heat power generation, entropy, thermodynamics, exergy

摘要：

搭建了以自行研发的向心透平为膨胀机的ORC低温余热发电系统实验平台,研究了R123质量流量对循环系统的性能影响。结果表明:液压隔膜泵的温升和熵增均较小,所消耗的功率随流量的增加而增加。工质在蒸发器内的压降明显大于冷凝器内的压降,均随流量的增加而增加;向心透平的等熵效率随质量流量的增加先增加后减小,存在最佳流量0.215 kg·s^-1使透平等熵效率达到最大值0.775;系统输出的电功率随流量的增加而增加,流量为0.283 kg·s^-1时输出系统最大功率为2.009 kW;蒸发器的(火用)损率占系统总(火用)损率的比重最大,冷凝器次之,向心透平第三,在本实验最佳质量流量下,三者的(火用)损率分别为62%、32%、6%。

关键词: 有机朗肯循环, 余热发电, 熵, 热力学, (火用)