Abstract:

In the past two decades, the studies on converting lignocellulosic biomass, especially cellulose to small molecular chemicals through atmospheric pressure catalytic liquefaction technology have achieved certain success. This technology began to be applied to transform chitin biomass to small molecular chemicals in recent years. The expansion of biomass resource is beneficial to enrich the types of liquefied products, in particular, nitrogen-containing chemicals. This review summarizes the small molecular chemicals produced by acid-catalyzed liquefaction of cellulose and chitin, respectively, in different solvents under atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the research progress of their liquefaction mechanisms is emphatically described. Some problems were pointed out in the research of cellulose and chitin liquefaction to small molecular chemicals and proposed the solution. The research on the liquefaction of chitin is prospected.

Key words: cellulose, chitin, liquefaction, small molecular chemicals, mechanism, biomass, degradation

摘要：

在过去的二十年里，利用常压催化液化法将木质生物质尤其是纤维素转化为小分子化学品的研究已经取得了一定的成果，近年来，常压催化液化法开始被应用于甲壳素生物质向小分子化学品转化的研究，极大地丰富了液化产物的种类尤其是含氮小分子化学品的类型。本文对常压下酸催化的纤维素与甲壳素在不同溶剂中液化生成的小分子化学品进行了总结，并重点对其液化机理的研究进展进行了阐述。提出了纤维素与甲壳素液化制备小分子化学品及机理研究中存在的一些问题及解决途径的建议，并对甲壳素的液化研究进行了展望。

关键词: 纤维素, 甲壳素, 液化, 小分子化学品, 机理, 生物质, 降解