CIESC Journal ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (3): 1217-1229.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20200874
• Reviews and monographs • Previous Articles Next Articles
SHEN Xiaobo1(),ZHANG Xuening1,LIU Haifeng2,3()
Received:
2020-07-02
Revised:
2020-09-05
Online:
2021-03-05
Published:
2021-03-05
Contact:
LIU Haifeng
通讯作者:
刘海峰
作者简介:
沈晓波(1986—),男,博士,副教授,基金资助:
CLC Number:
SHEN Xiaobo, ZHANG Xuening, LIU Haifeng. Research and progress on safety issues related to high-pressure hydrogen leakage[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(3): 1217-1229.
沈晓波, 章雪凝, 刘海峰. 高压氢气泄漏相关安全问题研究与进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1217-1229.
物质 | 相对泄漏率 | 流动参数(0℃,101.3 kPa(标况)) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
扩散 | 层流 | 湍流 | 空气中的扩散系数/(cm2·s-1) | 密度/(kg·m-3) | 动力黏度/(Pa·s) | |
甲烷 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.223 | 0.717 | 10.3 |
氢气 | 3.8 | 1.26 | 2.83 | 0.611 | 0.08985 | 8.42 |
丙烷 | 0.63 | 1.38 | 0.6 | 0.121(丙烷为主的液化石油气) | 2.02 | 7.95(18℃) |
Table 1 Relative leakage rate and flow parameters of hydrogen
物质 | 相对泄漏率 | 流动参数(0℃,101.3 kPa(标况)) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
扩散 | 层流 | 湍流 | 空气中的扩散系数/(cm2·s-1) | 密度/(kg·m-3) | 动力黏度/(Pa·s) | |
甲烷 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.223 | 0.717 | 10.3 |
氢气 | 3.8 | 1.26 | 2.83 | 0.611 | 0.08985 | 8.42 |
丙烷 | 0.63 | 1.38 | 0.6 | 0.121(丙烷为主的液化石油气) | 2.02 | 7.95(18℃) |
燃料 | 分子式 | 燃烧极限/ %(vol) | 最低点火能/mJ | 燃烧速度/(m·s-1) | 引燃 温度/℃ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
氢气 | H2 | 4.1~74.1 | 0.02 | 2.1 | 400 |
甲烷 | CH4 | 5.3~15 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 538 |
汽油 | C4~C12 | 1.3~6.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 415~530 |
Table 2 Combustion characteristics of hydrogen, methane, and gasoline
燃料 | 分子式 | 燃烧极限/ %(vol) | 最低点火能/mJ | 燃烧速度/(m·s-1) | 引燃 温度/℃ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
氢气 | H2 | 4.1~74.1 | 0.02 | 2.1 | 400 |
甲烷 | CH4 | 5.3~15 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 538 |
汽油 | C4~C12 | 1.3~6.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 415~530 |
组织 | 标准号 | 标准名称 |
---|---|---|
中国国家标准化管理委员(SAC) | GB/T 23751.1—2009 | 微型燃料电池发电系统 第1部分:安全 |
GB/T 24549—2009 | 燃料电池电动汽车安全要求 | |
GB/T 27748.1—2017 | 固定式燃料电池发电系统 第1部分:安全 | |
GB/T 29729—2013 | 氢系统安全的基本要求 | |
GB/T 30084—2013 | 便携式燃料电池发电系统安全 | |
GB/T 31036—2014 | 质子交换膜燃料电池备用电源系统安全 | |
GB/T 31037.1—2014 | 工业起升车辆用燃料电池发电系统 第1部分:安全 | |
GB/T 31139—2014 | 移动式加氢设施安全技术规范 | |
GB/T 34539—2017 | 氢氧发生器安全技术要求 | |
GB/T 34544—2017 | 小型燃料电池车用低压储氢装置安全试验方法 | |
GB/T 34583—2017 | 加氢站用储氢装置安全技术要求 | |
GB/T 34584—2017 | 加氢站安全技术规范 | |
GB/T 36288—2018 | 燃料电池电动汽车燃料电池堆安全要求 | |
国际标准化组织(ISO) | ISO/TR 15916:2015 | Basic considerations for the safety of hydrogen systems |
ISO 16110—1:2007 | Hydrogen generators using fuel processing technologies - Part 1: Safety | |
ISO/TS 19883:2017 | Safety of pressure swing adsorption systems for hydrogen separation and purification | |
ISO 21266—1:2018 | Road vehicles - Compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) and hydrogen/natural gas blends fuel systems - Part 1: Safety requirements | |
ISO 23273:2013 | Fuel cell road vehicles - Safety specifications - Protection against hydrogen hazards for vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen | |
美国国家标准协会(ANSI) | ANSI/AIAA G—095A—2017 | Guide to safety of hydrogen and hydrogen systems |
Table3 Overview of domestic and overseas hydrogen energy safety standards
组织 | 标准号 | 标准名称 |
---|---|---|
中国国家标准化管理委员(SAC) | GB/T 23751.1—2009 | 微型燃料电池发电系统 第1部分:安全 |
GB/T 24549—2009 | 燃料电池电动汽车安全要求 | |
GB/T 27748.1—2017 | 固定式燃料电池发电系统 第1部分:安全 | |
GB/T 29729—2013 | 氢系统安全的基本要求 | |
GB/T 30084—2013 | 便携式燃料电池发电系统安全 | |
GB/T 31036—2014 | 质子交换膜燃料电池备用电源系统安全 | |
GB/T 31037.1—2014 | 工业起升车辆用燃料电池发电系统 第1部分:安全 | |
GB/T 31139—2014 | 移动式加氢设施安全技术规范 | |
GB/T 34539—2017 | 氢氧发生器安全技术要求 | |
GB/T 34544—2017 | 小型燃料电池车用低压储氢装置安全试验方法 | |
GB/T 34583—2017 | 加氢站用储氢装置安全技术要求 | |
GB/T 34584—2017 | 加氢站安全技术规范 | |
GB/T 36288—2018 | 燃料电池电动汽车燃料电池堆安全要求 | |
国际标准化组织(ISO) | ISO/TR 15916:2015 | Basic considerations for the safety of hydrogen systems |
ISO 16110—1:2007 | Hydrogen generators using fuel processing technologies - Part 1: Safety | |
ISO/TS 19883:2017 | Safety of pressure swing adsorption systems for hydrogen separation and purification | |
ISO 21266—1:2018 | Road vehicles - Compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) and hydrogen/natural gas blends fuel systems - Part 1: Safety requirements | |
ISO 23273:2013 | Fuel cell road vehicles - Safety specifications - Protection against hydrogen hazards for vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen | |
美国国家标准协会(ANSI) | ANSI/AIAA G—095A—2017 | Guide to safety of hydrogen and hydrogen systems |
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