A modified free - volume diffusion model for binary aqueous mixtures in pervapo-ration was developed on the basis of free -volume diffusion theory. Two coupling coefficients were introduced to describe the coupling effect of diffusion for nonideal system in pervapora-tion membrane. Combined with the membrane phase concentrations which were calculated from experimental adsorption data of four aqueous solutions in polyimide (PMDA -ODA) membrane, the experimental pervaporation data of the four mixtures were correlated with this model, good agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental values.

The cake formation dynamics of air pressure filtration and the fractal constructure of filter cake have heen studied in a laboratory - scale experimental air pressure filter with the observation of filter cake constructure. Results showed that Darcys Law is also followed in the filter formation stage of air pressure filtration, and that the filter cake constructure is a sort of Sierpinski fractal, the fractal dimensions of different filter cake are within 1.775~1.885.

Affinity membrane is used to purify γ - immunoglobulin from human serum. The matrix is a novel microporous hollow fiber membrane and the ligand is Staphylococcal protein A. The effects of ionic strength, pH,γ- immunoglobulin concentration and flow rate on the performance of affinity membrane are investigated. The pressure drops for affinity membrane at different flow rates are determined.

Alcohol fermentation kinetics by the floes induced from self- flocculated Schizos acchannnyccs fombe was studied in an experimental scale suspended- bed bioreactor with a working volumn of 2. 35L. It was found that limited oxygen supply was necessary to maintain prolonged viability of the floes, and the floe size distribution also showed effects on fermentation kinetics. A kinetic model described this alcohol fermentation was proposed as followswhere ψp and ψq were effective factors describing the effects of floe size distribution and limit ed oxygen supply respectively.

An integrated method has heen suggested aiming at the investigation of multiple states of effectiveness factor for cylindrical catalyst pellet. It includes; (1) Finite - Element Global Analysis, which is the combination of Finite -Element Method with Continuation Method and singularity theory, is used as a basic tool to deal with the multiple solutions of partial differential equation. (2) a new numerical method for large -value effectiveness factors, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional methods and owns features of efficiency and accuracy, has been developed. Finite -Element Global Analysis is tested by experiment data and the agreement is satisfactory.

By using the method developed in the former paper and Order Analysis method, the features of multiple states have been investigated when a strongly exothermic irreversible reaction occurs. The results show that three states may appear in some domain of φ when γ and β are large. When γ increases or θ decreases, the multiple states zone becomes large, but its shape doesnt change. A cone -simplification method is developed to predict the multiple states zone and its accuracy is satisfactory compared with that from numerical calculation.

In this paper a reactive stripping technology integrating reaction separation is presented. A multistage suspension-bed for reactive stripping reactor has been developed for simultaneously performing heterogeneous catalysis and separation. The calculation methods of the principal parameters of the above reactor are introduced. This technology and column were applied to the condensation reaction between phenol and acetone to produce bisphenol A (BPA). The acetone conversion and selectivity were all over 95%,and capacity of the catalyst reached 0. 767g BPA/(g cat ·h).

The kinetic characteristics of catalytic coupling of carbon monoxide to diethyl ox-alate m gaseous phase on Palladium catalyst were studied on the basis of industrial application. The controlling step of reaction rate is adsorption of carbon monoxide. Moreover it was considered that the alkoxycarboxide intermediate COOR possibly existed, further associated to diethyl oxalate. The kinetic equations of mechanismic model were proposed. The reaction mechanism was also discussed according to reaction mechanismic model.

The data of Chemical and Phase Equilibrium (CPE)were measured for the quaternary system methyl acetate(1)- methanol(2)- water(3)-acetic acid(4) with a modified Rose Williams equilibrium still under 0. 1013MPa. Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC equations were used to calculate active coefficient in the liquid phase. The "chemical theory" was used to correct the nonideality of the vapor phase with associated molecules. The predicted results of CPE for the quaternary system show good agreement with experimental data.

A back - propagation neural network model was used to predict the physicochemi-cal properties of organic compounds. The efficiency of linear regression and principal component analysis for determining the input parameters was demonstrated. The normal boiling points, critical temperatures, critical volumes, critical pressures, vaporization enthalpies and eccentric factor of organic compounds can be predicted quantitatively by neural network. The estimation accuracy is better enough to meet the demand for chemical engineering simulation and design.

Under the conditions of given inlet temperatures of cold and hot fluids and heat transfer surface, the optimum parameter distributions in heat exchanger based on the minimum modified entropy generation number of heat exchanger are derived by using variation principle. The optimum status may he obtained by setting the ratio of the heat - capacity -rate of cold stream to that of hot one to slightly greater than unity.

The effect of additives on the flow boiling heat transfer in the vertical tube has been studied. Polyacrylamide (PAM) and octadecrylamine (ODA) were used as additives for enhancing heat transfer. Effects of fluid properties, concentration and molecular mass of PAM, and heat flux on flow boiling heat transfer were studied. In order to analyse the mechanism of enhancement of boiling heat transfer with additives, the diagram for binding energy was measured by XPS.The experimental results indicate that both PAM and ODA enhance the flow boiling heat transfer of water,and have an optimum range of concentration PAM can reduce the drag of flow boiling to enhance boiling heat transfer by increasing flow velocity.

The condition of amorphous formation of Ni - W electrodeposition was studied , and the structure area of amorphous and crystalline was drawn out. A displacement solid solution made up of solvent Ni and solute W was determined by X -ray diffraction experiment. The solid solution has a f. c. c structure. The formation of amorphous deposit was explained by calculating the change of lattice constant, crystal grain size and its change with the change of structure. Furthermore, the corrosion rate of amorphous deposit in acid medium was tested. The chemical formula of passivated film was Ni(OH)2·WO3·nH2O by XPS analysis.

The relationship of system state with voidage has been studied in vertical gas-solid upflow system. Based on the basic idea of equal energy, an equation of the maximum voidage εmax was obtained. A comparison of the calculated results of this and Matsens methods shows that this method is reasonable, simple and clear in physical conception.

The alkylation reaction of benzene with 1 -dodecene was investigated in a liquid -solid circulating fluidized bed reactor (LSCFBR)using zeolite HY as catalyst. The conversion of 1 -dodecene, the apparent reaction rate constant, the activity of catalyst and the product distribution in the LSCFBR were analyzed and the different performances in the LSCFBR and stirred tank batch reactor (STBR) were compared.

Using the floes self - flocculated from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the hydrddy-namic behavior in the suspended -bed bioreactor with a working volume 500L was studied. It was discovered that the washing -out and shearing breakage for floes caused by CO2 turbulence could not be neglected when this bioreactor was scaled -up. Further, a design mechanism for an industrial - scale suspended - bed bioreactor was proposed

The wettability and mass transfer performance of metallic packings were investigated before and after they had been treated with physical and chemical methods respectively. The comparison showed that the physical method was preferable. With the packings treated by the physical method, both the wettability and the mass transfer performance were found to be significantly improved.

The hydrodynamics of a gas -liquid -solid circulating fluidized bed was investigated. A new regime, the three phase circulating fluidization regime, was discovered first time. The characteristics of this regime were compared with that of conventional three phase fluidized regime and transport regime. The particle circulation flowrate, gas and solids holdups in the circulating fluidization regime were studied. In the circulating fluidization regime, the gas and solids holdups can be kept at a relatively high level. Therefore, the three phase circulating fluidized bed provides a new mode of operation for the gas - liquid - solid reactor.

Investigation on flow pattern of flow boiling of highly viscous pseudoplastic fluid and heat transfer in a vertical glass tube with an adhered transparent conducting film was made. A new type of flow pattern of flow boiling was observed, and a correlation for predicting flow pattern is also developed based on experimental data.