某高校既有建筑室内人员相关VOCs目标污染物的实测分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190926

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究高校既有建筑室内人群散发对室内VOCs的影响，对高校不同人群样本的教室及会议室两类典型人群密集房间，共82个人群样本对象进行了VOCs采样分析，得到不同实际场景下的人员相关的VOCs浓度水平，并对其潜在的影响因素进行分析。结果表明，共确认了29种与室内人员相关的高检出率且较高浓度值的物质，包括芳香族化合物9种，烷烯烃类9种，酮类和醛类8种，醇酯类以及卤化物3种，并得到主要VOCs物质的浓度水平和I/O比。对影响因素的统计分析表明，室内人员密度、季节和房间类型对不同VOCs物质存在显著性影响，其中季节性因素对目标VOCs污染物影响最为广泛，其次是房间类型与室内人员密度。该研究可为进一步了解人员密集室内VOCs污染现状及控制策略提供一定的科学参考。

关键词: 高校建筑, 人员散发, 可挥发性有机化合物, 测量, 苯, 烷烃

Abstract:

In order to study the influence of occupants on the indoor VOCs in universities, we conducted VOCs sampling campaign in 82 densely occupied classrooms and conference rooms in one university. The VOCs concentration levels and influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that 29 human related VOCs species with high detection rate and higher concentration values were confirmed, including 9 kinds of aromatic compounds, 9 kinds of alkanes, 8 kinds of ketones and aldehydes and 3 kinds of alcohol esters and halides, and the concentration levels and I/O ratios of the main VOCs substances were obtained. Statistical analysis of the influencing factors showed that indoor occupancy rate, season and room type have significant effects on different VOCs species, in which seasonal factors have the highest degree of influence on target VOCs pollutants, followed by room type and indoor occupancy rate. This research can provide a scientific reference for further understanding of indoor VOCs pollution and control strategies in densely occupied buildings.

Key words: university building, human emission, VOCs, measurement, benzene, alkane

中图分类号:

X 830

贾亚宾, 郑旭, 高凯, 关军, 魏翩, 祁冰, 郑慧研. 某高校既有建筑室内人员相关VOCs目标污染物的实测分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 411-416.

Yabin JIA, Xu ZHENG, Kai GAO, Jun GUAN, Pian WEI, Bing QI, Huiyan ZHENG. Field investigation on human related VOCs in existing buildings in one university[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 411-416.

图/表 5

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VOCs 物质名称	DR/%	室内/(μg/m³)			室外/ (μg/m³)	I/O比
VOCs 物质名称	DR/%	Med.	Min.	Max.	Med.	Med.
芳香族化合物（9种）
甲苯	100	5.44	1.01	31.57	4.68	1.16
苯甲醛	100	1.50	0.18	5.36	2.22	0.68
对二甲苯	100	3.33	0.41	18.27	2.92	1.14
萘	100	1.10	0.23	42.92	0.79	1.39
乙苯	100	1.84	0.39	13.29	1.43	1.29
邻二甲苯	100	1.06	0.20	7.27	1.00	1.06
苯	98.8	1.08	0.17	4.81	1.33	0.81
苯乙烯	95.1	0.53	0.07	8.91	0.70	0.76
1,3,5-三甲基苯	58.5	0.47	0.11	3.29	0.36	1.30
烷烯烃（9种）
庚烷	98.8	0.44	0.16	3.60	0.39	1.13
己烷	93.9	0.62	0.03	27.77	0.62	1.00
四氯乙烯	91.5	0.23	0.07	1.28	0.16	1.44
柠檬烯	85.4	2.36	0.25	45.09	0.40	5.90
十二烷	79.3	0.46	0.08	3.81	0.29	1.59
十一烷	79.3	0.29	0.08	2.36	0.18	1.61
癸烷	76.8	0.38	0.07	2.23	0.41	0.93
异戊二烯	65.9	0.4	0.05	18.96	0.09	4.44
戊烷	50.0	7.33	0.46	70.02	6.56	1.12
醛酮类（8种）
环己酮	100	0.36	0.10	2.95	0.19	1.89
2-丁酮	98.8	0.36	0.10	1.69	0.42	0.86
己醛	97.6	0.86	0.18	6.80	0.32	2.69
壬醛	96.3	4.22	0.43	23.04	2.57	1.64
癸醛	95.1	4.88	0.62	33.27	1.94	2.52
丙酮	91.5	1.20	0.15	4.38	0.88	1.36
6-MHO	90.2	1.30	0.09	14.18	0.22	5.91
戊醛	79.3	0.14	0.07	0.75	0.14	1.00
醇酯类以及卤化物（3种）
乙酸乙酯	100	0.78	0.13	14.21	0.78	1.00
乙酸丁酯	100	0.95	0.17	7.00	0.71	1.34
对二氯苯	81.7	1.74	0.12	13.33	0.17	10.2

VOCs 物质名称	DR/%	室内/(μg/m³)			室外/ (μg/m³)	I/O比
VOCs 物质名称	DR/%	Med.	Min.	Max.	Med.	Med.
芳香族化合物（9种）
甲苯	100	5.44	1.01	31.57	4.68	1.16
苯甲醛	100	1.50	0.18	5.36	2.22	0.68
对二甲苯	100	3.33	0.41	18.27	2.92	1.14
萘	100	1.10	0.23	42.92	0.79	1.39
乙苯	100	1.84	0.39	13.29	1.43	1.29
邻二甲苯	100	1.06	0.20	7.27	1.00	1.06
苯	98.8	1.08	0.17	4.81	1.33	0.81
苯乙烯	95.1	0.53	0.07	8.91	0.70	0.76
1,3,5-三甲基苯	58.5	0.47	0.11	3.29	0.36	1.30
烷烯烃（9种）
庚烷	98.8	0.44	0.16	3.60	0.39	1.13
己烷	93.9	0.62	0.03	27.77	0.62	1.00
四氯乙烯	91.5	0.23	0.07	1.28	0.16	1.44
柠檬烯	85.4	2.36	0.25	45.09	0.40	5.90
十二烷	79.3	0.46	0.08	3.81	0.29	1.59
十一烷	79.3	0.29	0.08	2.36	0.18	1.61
癸烷	76.8	0.38	0.07	2.23	0.41	0.93
异戊二烯	65.9	0.4	0.05	18.96	0.09	4.44
戊烷	50.0	7.33	0.46	70.02	6.56	1.12
醛酮类（8种）
环己酮	100	0.36	0.10	2.95	0.19	1.89
2-丁酮	98.8	0.36	0.10	1.69	0.42	0.86
己醛	97.6	0.86	0.18	6.80	0.32	2.69
壬醛	96.3	4.22	0.43	23.04	2.57	1.64
癸醛	95.1	4.88	0.62	33.27	1.94	2.52
丙酮	91.5	1.20	0.15	4.38	0.88	1.36
6-MHO	90.2	1.30	0.09	14.18	0.22	5.91
戊醛	79.3	0.14	0.07	0.75	0.14	1.00
醇酯类以及卤化物（3种）
乙酸乙酯	100	0.78	0.13	14.21	0.78	1.00
乙酸丁酯	100	0.95	0.17	7.00	0.71	1.34
对二氯苯	81.7	1.74	0.12	13.33	0.17	10.2

VOCs种类	平均值/(μg/m³)		标准差/(μg/m³)		p值
VOCs种类	有人	无人	有人	无人	p值
甲苯	10.49	8.92	5.61	7.09	0.619
苯甲醛	1.61	1.62	0.64	0.57	0.072
对二甲苯	4.03	4.14	2.11	2.52	0.455
萘	4.98	3.38	9.63	5.77	0.608
乙苯	2.68	2.79	2.52	2.54	0.136
邻二甲苯	1.67	1.99	1.28	1.32	0.342
苯	1.66	1.82	0.89	0.94	0.139
己烷	0.78	0.87	0.53	0.46	0.770
柠檬烯	4.85	2.40	8.02	1.83	0.008
异戊二烯	2.31	1.79	3.76	3.71	0.024
戊烷	9.12	15.09	7.40	12.75	0.083
己醛	0.90	0.68	0.42	0.30	0.001
壬醛	4.07	3.04	1.83	1.79	0.001
癸醛	4.60	3.26	2.56	2.52	0.002
丙酮	1.37	1.13	0.71	0.55	0.023
6-MHO	2.55	0.88	1.93	1.32	0.000
乙酸乙酯	0.98	1.40	0.81	1.70	0.118
乙酸丁酯	0.94	0.91	0.42	0.41	0.906
对二氯苯	3.33	0.67	2.89	0.64	0.000

VOCs种类	平均值/(μg/m³)		标准差/(μg/m³)		p值
VOCs种类	有人	无人	有人	无人	p值
甲苯	10.49	8.92	5.61	7.09	0.619
苯甲醛	1.61	1.62	0.64	0.57	0.072
对二甲苯	4.03	4.14	2.11	2.52	0.455
萘	4.98	3.38	9.63	5.77	0.608
乙苯	2.68	2.79	2.52	2.54	0.136
邻二甲苯	1.67	1.99	1.28	1.32	0.342
苯	1.66	1.82	0.89	0.94	0.139
己烷	0.78	0.87	0.53	0.46	0.770
柠檬烯	4.85	2.40	8.02	1.83	0.008
异戊二烯	2.31	1.79	3.76	3.71	0.024
戊烷	9.12	15.09	7.40	12.75	0.083
己醛	0.90	0.68	0.42	0.30	0.001
壬醛	4.07	3.04	1.83	1.79	0.001
癸醛	4.60	3.26	2.56	2.52	0.002
丙酮	1.37	1.13	0.71	0.55	0.023
6-MHO	2.55	0.88	1.93	1.32	0.000
乙酸乙酯	0.98	1.40	0.81	1.70	0.118
乙酸丁酯	0.94	0.91	0.42	0.41	0.906
对二氯苯	3.33	0.67	2.89	0.64	0.000

VOCs种类	平均值/(μg/m³)			标准差/(μg/m³)			p值
VOCs种类	过渡	夏季	冬季	过渡	夏季	冬季	p值
甲苯	5.32	7.26	8.20	4.39	4.08	4.48	0.000
苯甲醛	1.76	2.07	1.23	0.78	0.97	0.74	0.000
对二甲苯	3.70	3.44	5.11	1.78	1.88	3.84	0.053
萘	1.38	5.08	1.49	1.00	10.37	0.99	0.156
乙苯	1.90	1.85	2.78	0.89	0.82	2.70	0.530
邻二甲苯	1.15	1.21	2.10	0.56	0.85	1.75	0.005
苯	0.97	1.31	1.73	0.41	0.52	1.00	0.000
己烷	0.56	0.61	3.02	0.20	0.33	6.29	0.001
柠檬烯	5.01	2.25	3.87	10.13	1.64	2.73	0.002
异戊二烯	0.40	3.48	0.59	0.28	4.59	0.39	0.003
戊烷	19.49	8.47	5.48	19.47	5.21	6.63	0.002
己醛	1.15	1.18	0.89	1.02	0.78	0.58	0.012
壬醛	6.15	6.17	2.92	4.11	3.33	1.59	0.000
癸醛	7.40	8.39	2.84	5.75	5.19	1.25	0.000
丙酮	1.48	1.63	0.99	0.72	0.76	0.51	0.000
6-MHO	2.17	2.84	1.30	2.72	2.39	0.96	0.002
乙酸乙酯	0.81	0.71	2.21	0.66	0.36	3.15	0.000
乙酸丁酯	1.23	0.93	1.15	1.14	0.42	0.74	0.246
对二氯苯	1.96	3.61	2.73	1.40	4.35	2.29	0.308