基于微波技术的天然气管道内颗粒物在线检测方法研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221312

化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (3): 1042-1053.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20221312

基于微波技术的天然气管道内颗粒物在线检测方法研究

陈俊先¹(), 姬忠礼¹(), 赵瑜², 张倩², 周岩², 刘猛³, 刘震¹

^1.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院，过程流体过滤与分离技术北京市重点实验室，北京 102249
^2.北京迪威尔石油天然气技术开发有限公司，北京 100083
^3.中国石油煤层气有限责任公司，北京 102249

收稿日期:2022-09-30 修回日期:2022-12-22 出版日期:2023-03-05 发布日期:2023-04-19
通讯作者: 姬忠礼
作者简介:陈俊先(1993—)，男，博士研究生，chenjx_cup93@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51904315);中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技攻关项目(2019E-2505);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3801304)

Study on online detection method of particulate matter in natural gas pipeline based on microwave technology

Junxian CHEN¹(), Zhongli JI¹(), Yu ZHAO², Qian ZHANG², Yan ZHOU², Meng LIU³, Zhen LIU¹

^1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
^2.DWELL Company Limited, Beijing 100083, China
^3.PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2022-09-30 Revised:2022-12-22 Online:2023-03-05 Published:2023-04-19
Contact: Zhongli JI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对天然气管道内颗粒物难以检测的问题，提出了一种基于微波技术的管道内颗粒物在线检测方法。首先对我国天然气管网内颗粒物进行特征分析，并基于微波测量原理以密封探针的方式实现了微波在管道中的传输；其次，采用有限元仿真软件对密封探针结构优化以及管道尺寸(两探针间距)进行研究，分析微波测量系统的电流分布规律和最优结构参数；最后，搭建实验平台，定量分析了不同工况下测量系统输出电压与颗粒物浓度的影响规律。结果表明，当管道内液滴浓度在39~210 mg/m³变化时，采用二次函数拟合测量系统输出电压与液滴浓度的关系，可决系数R²在0.966以上；各信号采样点的相对示值误差平均值在5.20%上下波动，测量系统重复性都在0.24%范围内变化。

关键词: 颗粒物, 天然气, 优化设计, 在线检测, 测量, 微波, 模拟

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of difficult detection of particulate matter in natural gas pipeline, an online detection method for particulate matter in natural gas pipeline based on microwave technology was proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of particles in natural gas pipe network were analyzed, and based on the principle of microwave measurement, microwave transmission in the pipeline was realized by means of a sealed probe. Secondly, finite element simulation software was used to study the structure optimization of the sealing probe and pipe size (distance between two probes), and the current distribution and optimal structural parameters of the microwave measurement system were analyzed. Finally, an experimental platform was built to quantitatively analyze the influence law of the output voltage of the measuring system and the concentration of particulate matter under different working conditions. The results show that when the droplet concentration in the pipeline changes from 39 mg/m³ to 210 mg/m³, the relationship between the output voltage of the measurement system and the droplet concentration is fitted by quadratic function, and the coefficient of determination R² is above 0.966. The average relative indication error of each signal sampling point fluctuates around 5.20%, and the repeatability of the measurement system varies within 0.24%. The research results have guiding significance for the realization of the long-term detection method of subsequent natural gas pipelines, and then ensuring the safe operation of the pipeline network.

Key words: particulate matter, natural gas, optimal design, online detection, measurement, microwave, simulation

中图分类号:

TQ 028.2

陈俊先, 姬忠礼, 赵瑜, 张倩, 周岩, 刘猛, 刘震. 基于微波技术的天然气管道内颗粒物在线检测方法研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(3): 1042-1053.

Junxian CHEN, Zhongli JI, Yu ZHAO, Qian ZHANG, Yan ZHOU, Meng LIU, Zhen LIU. Study on online detection method of particulate matter in natural gas pipeline based on microwave technology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 1042-1053.

图/表 19

图1 微波测量系统三维模型

Fig.1 3D model of microwave measurement system

表1 主要材料的属性参数

Table 1 Attribute parameters of major materials

材料	相对介电常数	磁导率	电导率/(S/m)
天然气	1	1	1×10^-5
测量管段	1	1	1×10^-8
探针填充物	2	1	0
同轴接口	1	1	5.997×10⁷
探针外壳	1	1	5.997×10⁷

图2 密封探针示意图

Fig.2 Schematic of seal probe

图3 密封探针在不同激励频率下的电场变化情况

Fig.3 Variation of the electric field of the sealed probe at different excitation frequencies

图4 24.125 GHz下密封探针参数变化情况

Fig.4 Variation of the parameters of the sealing probe at 24.125 GHz

图5 f=2.2 mm，H=4.1 mm时密封探针S参数仿真结果

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation of the sealing probe when f=2.2 mm and H=4.1 mm

图6 不同半径管道的测量截面电场变化情况(frequency: 24.125 GHz)

Fig.6 Variation of electric field in measuring section of pipeline with different radius

图7 不同半径管道的电场高度变化情况(frequency: 24.125 GHz)

Fig.7 Variation of electric field height of pipes with different radius

图8 电流密度平均值和电流密度最大偏差的变化规律

Fig.8 Variation of the average current density and the maximum deviation of current density

图9 不同半径管道下系统S参数变化规律

Fig.9 Variation law of system S-parameters under different radius pipes

图10 实验平台示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the experimental platform

图11 实验平台现场图

Fig.11 Field diagram of the experimental platform

图12 微波测量系统(空样机)的实测与仿真S参数对比

Fig.12 Comparison of S-parameters between measured and simulated microwave measurement system (empty sensor)

图13 不同质量黑粉测量结果

Fig.13 Measurement results of black powder with different contents

表2 微波测量系统瞬时浓度测试数据

Table 2 Instantaneous concentration test data of microwave measurement system

数据采样点	光学检测系统颗粒物浓度值/(mg/m³)	微波测量系统电压值/μV	流速/(m/s)	各测试点单次检定相对示值误差/%	各测试点相对示值误差平均值/%	重复性/%
6	0	514.27	1.12	—	—	—
	44.28	544.21	1.12	5.82	5.58	0.233
	48.57	542.87	1.13	5.56
	39.32	541.82	1.12	5.36
5	0	517.64	0.84	—	—	—
	58.07	546.18	0.84	5.51	5.55	0.161
	50.27	547.31	0.84	5.73
	54.65	545.68	0.82	5.42
4	0	521.56	0.70	—	—	—
	64.76	549.63	0.71	5.38	5.21	0.150
	69.84	548.24	0.68	5.12
	65.11	548.31	0.68	5.13
3	0	524.13	0.57	—	—	—
	88.63	551.22	0.58	5.17	5.16	0.114
	85.22	551.73	0.56	5.27
	81.45	550.54	0.57	5.04
2	0	528.47	0.42	—	—	—
	112.41	554.24	0.43	4.88	4.86	0.105
	106.69	553.58	0.41	4.75
	116.34	554.68	0.40	4.96
1	0	532.25	0.27	—	—	—
	214.24	558.32	0.26	4.90	4.90	0.128
	208.34	559.01	0.28	5.03
	202.36	557.65	0.28	4.77

图14 测量系统输出电压与流速的关系

Fig.14 The relationship between measurement system output voltage and flow rate

图15 测量系统输出电压与颗粒物浓度的关系

Fig.15 The relationship between measurement system output voltage and particulate matter concentration

图16 测量系统相对示值误差

Fig.16 Relative indication error of measurement system

图17 测量系统采样点的重复率

Fig.17 Repeatability of test points of measurement system

参考文献 33

1	邹才能, 杨智, 董大忠, 等. 非常规源岩层系油气形成分布与前景展望[J]. 地球科学, 2022, 47(5): 1517-1533.
	Zou C N, Yang Z, Dong D Z, et al. Formation, distribution and prospect of unconventional hydrocarbons in source rock strata in China[J]. Earth Science, 2022, 47(5): 1517-1533.
2	贾承造, 张永峰, 赵霞. 中国天然气工业发展前景与挑战[J]. 天然气工业,2014, 34(2): 1-11.
	Jia C Z, Zhang Y F, Zhao X. Prospects and challenges to natural gas industry development in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(2): 1-11.
3	黄维和,郑洪龙,李明菲. 我国油气储运行业发展历程及展望[J]. 油气储运,2019, 38(1): 1-11.
	Huang W H, Zheng H L, Li M F. Development history and prospect of oil & gas storage and transportation industry in China[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2019, 38(1): 1-11.
4	Cachia M, Carrier H, Bouyssiere B, et al. Solid particles in natural gas from a transportation network: a chemical composition study[J]. Energies, 2019, 12(20): 3866.
5	Azadi M, Mohebbi A, Soltaninejad S, et al. A case study on suspended particles in a natural gas urban transmission and distribution network[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2012, 93(1): 65-72.
6	刘震, 杜华东, 胡旭, 等. 高压工况对天然气滤芯性能影响的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(5): 2669-2679.
	Liu Z, Du H D, Hu X, et al. Experimental investigation of influence of high-pressure condition on filtration performance of natural gas filter cartridge[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(5): 2669-2679.
7	孙海礁, 郭玉洁, 张志宏, 等. 天然气外输管道黑粉分布规律及清除措施[J]. 石油与天然气化工, 2018, 47(6): 98-103.
	Sun H J, Guo Y J, Zhang Z H, et al. Distribution and remove measures of black powder in natural gas pipeline[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas, 2018, 47(6): 98-103.
8	刘震, 姬忠礼, 于明俭, 等. 煤层气集输系统颗粒杂质分布及应对措施[J]. 煤炭学报, 2016, 41(9): 2281-2286.
	Liu Z, Ji Z L, Yu M J, et al. Distribution characteristics and solutions on particulate matter in coalbed methane gathering system[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2016, 41(9): 2281-2286.
9	He J Y, Wang D, Guo D C, et al. Generation causes of black powder in the east line of the gas supply pipeline from the Liaohe oilfield: analysis and discussion[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2022, 139: 106506.
10	Li P, Zhao Y, Liu B, et al. Experimental testing and numerical simulation to analyze the corrosion failures of single well pipelines in Tahe oilfield[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2017, 80: 112-122.
11	姬忠礼. 天然气输送用过滤分离设备性能测定与分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报 (自然科学版), 2013, 37(5): 145-150.
	Ji Z L. Performance measurement and analysis of filtration and separation equipment for natural gas transportation[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 37(5): 145-150.
12	Saeedi A, Sargolzaei J. Fractional efficiency of porous media used for natural gas filtration[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2021, 96: 104247.
13	洪宗平, 叶楚梅, 吴洪, 等. 天然气脱碳技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(12): 6030-6048.
	Hong Z P, Ye C M, Wu H, et al. Research progress in CO₂ removal technology of natural gas[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(12): 6030-6048.
14	Khan T S, Al-Shehhi M S. Review of black powder in gas pipelines—an industrial perspective[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 25: 66-76.
15	Abou-Khousa M, Al-Durra A, Al-Wahedi K. Microwave sensing system for real-time monitoring of solid contaminants in gas flows[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2015, 15(9): 5296-5302.
16	陈昭, 陈猛, 王江江, 等. 非规则结构电容层析成像填补法测量的敏感场特性及重构算法改进[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(8): 3469-3479.
	Chen Z, Chen M, Wang J J, et al. Sensitive field characteristics and reconstruction algorithm improvement of ECT measurement with filling method in irregular structure[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(8): 3469-3479.
17	赵安, 韩云峰, 翟路生, 等. 气液两相流电容传感器相浓度测量特性 [J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(7): 2402-2410.
	Zhao A, Han Y F, Zhai L S, et al. Characteristics of phase-concentration measurement for capacitance sensors in gas-liquid two-phase flow[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(7): 2402-2410.
18	Shi X W, Tan C, Dong F, et al. Conductance sensors for multiphase flow measurement: a review[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21(11): 12913-12925.
19	Zou J, Liu C G, Wang H G, et al. Mass flow rate measurement of bulk solids based on microwave tomography and microwave Doppler methods[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 360: 112-119.
20	Zhang J, Hu H L, Dong J, et al. Concentration measurement of biomass/coal/air three-phase flow by integrating electrostatic and capacitive sensors[J]. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 2012, 24: 43-49.
21	杨斌, 张驰, 平力, 等.循环流化床颗粒团多参数的光散射测量方法[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2021, 42(10): 20-26.
	Yang B, Zhang C H, Ping L, et al.Light scattering measurement method for multi-parameters of particle clusters in circulating fluidized bed [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2021, 42(10): 20-26.
22	Wu T Y, Horender S, Tancev G, et al. Evaluation of aerosol-spectrometer based PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentration measurement using ambient-like model aerosols in the laboratory[J]. Measurement, 2022, 201: 11761.
23	Takahashi K, Minoura H, Sakamoto K. Examination of discrepancies between beta-attenuation and gravimetric methods for the monitoring of particulate matter[J].Atmospheric Environment, 2008, 42(21): 5232-5240.
24	张星, 姬忠礼, 陈鸿海, 等. 高压天然气管道内粉尘在线检测方法[J]. 化工学报, 2010, 61(9): 2334-2339.
	Zhang X, Ji Z L, Chen H H, et al. Method of dust online measurement in high-pressure natural gas pipeline[J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 61(9): 2334-2339.
25	Lu L F, Wu X L, Ji Z L, et al. Approach for correcting particle size distribution measured by optical particle counter in high-pressure gas pipes[J]. Applied Optics, 2018, 57(13): 3497-3506.
26	Lu L F, Wu X L, Ji Z L, et al. Optimization of the optical particle counter for online particle measurement in high-pressure gas[J]. Applied Optics, 2019, 58(2): 308-316.
27	Song X, Wu X L, Ji Z L, et al. Optimization of the optical particle counter for online particle measurement in pressure-changing natural gas[J]. Applied Optics, 2020, 59(30): 9581-9590.
28	Zhang F, Li J, Lu J H, et al. Optimization of circular waveguide microwave sensor for gas-solid two-phase flow parameters measurement[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21(6): 7604-7612.
29	Zou J, Wang H G, Liu C G, et al. Real-time solid flow velocity measurement based on a microwave sensor[J]. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 2018, 41(10): 2699-2707.
30	Taha W, Abou-Khousa M, Haryono A, et al. Field demonstration of a microwave black powder detection device in gas transmission pipelines[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2020, 73: 103058.
31	Pozar D M. Microwave Engineering[M]. 4th ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2019: 75-129.
32	Johan N, Thomas R, Tomas M. Microwave measurement system for detection of dielectric objects in powders[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2016, 64(11): 3851-3863.
33	Balanis C A. Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics[M]. 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2012: 527-586.

[1]	宋嘉豪, 王文. 斯特林发动机与高温热管耦合运行特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[2]	张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 叶威. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[3]	叶展羽, 山訸, 徐震原. 用于太阳能蒸发的折纸式蒸发器性能仿真[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 132-140.
[4]	张龙, 宋孟杰, 邵苛苛, 张旋, 沈俊, 高润淼, 甄泽康, 江正勇. 管翅式换热器迎风侧翅片末端霜层生长模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 179-182.
[5]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[6]	王志国, 薛孟, 董芋双, 张田震, 秦晓凯, 韩强. 基于裂隙粗糙性表征方法的地热岩体热流耦合数值模拟与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[7]	吴雷, 刘姣, 李长聪, 周军, 叶干, 刘田田, 朱瑞玉, 张秋利, 宋永辉. 低阶粉煤催化微波热解制备含碳纳米管的高附加值改性兰炭末[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3956-3967.
[8]	刘远超, 关斌, 钟建斌, 徐一帆, 蒋旭浩, 李耑. 单层XSe₂（X=Zr/Hf）的热电输运特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3968-3978.
[9]	陈哲文, 魏俊杰, 张玉明. 超临界水煤气化耦合SOFC发电系统集成及其能量转化机制[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3888-3902.
[10]	宋明昊, 赵霏, 刘淑晴, 李国选, 杨声, 雷志刚. 离子液体脱除模拟油中挥发酚的多尺度模拟与研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3654-3664.
[11]	胡建波, 刘洪超, 胡齐, 黄美英, 宋先雨, 赵双良. 有机笼跨细胞膜易位行为的分子动力学模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3756-3765.
[12]	赵佳佳, 田世祥, 李鹏, 谢洪高. SiO₂-H₂O纳米流体强化煤尘润湿性的微观机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3931-3945.
[13]	齐聪, 丁子, 余杰, 汤茂清, 梁林. 基于选择吸收纳米薄膜的太阳能温差发电特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3921-3930.
[14]	何松, 刘乔迈, 谢广烁, 王斯民, 肖娟. 高浓度水煤浆管道气膜减阻两相流模拟及代理辅助优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[15]	邢雷, 苗春雨, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 李新亚. 井下微型气液旋流分离器优化设计与性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3394-3406.

基于微波技术的天然气管道内颗粒物在线检测方法研究

Study on online detection method of particulate matter in natural gas pipeline based on microwave technology

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 19

参考文献 33

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价