熔盐法合成有序介孔碳负载的金属碳化物

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191271

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有序介孔碳是一种具有宽孔径、规则孔道结构、高比表面积和大孔容的纳米结构材料，具有很高的导电性及化学稳定性，是一种非常优良的载体材料。过渡金属碳化物因其结构相似性，具有一系列类似贵金属的性质，可作为贵金属替代材料，用于多相催化过程。但过渡金属碳化物多数粒径大、比表面积低，不利于催化活性，因此，采用熔盐法合成了多种有序介孔碳负载的过渡金属碳化物，并通过SEM、TEM、XRD、BET等方法对样品进行了一系列表征。结果表明，该方法能有效制备碳负载的TiC、Mo₂C等金属碳化物，且具有较小的颗粒尺寸和较高的比表面积，将有较好的催化应用前景。

关键词: 有序介孔碳, 金属碳化物, 熔盐法, 多孔碳

Abstract:

Ordered mesoporous carbon is a kind of nanostructured material with regular pore structure, high specific surface area and large pore volume. It is also a very good carrier material. Meanwhile, transition metal carbides have a series of properties that are similar to precious metals because of their structural characteristics. They can be used as catalysts with high activity in theory for heterogeneous catalytic processes to replace precious metals. However, transition metal carbides greatly affect the catalytic activity due to their low specific surface area and large particle size. Therefore, a variety of ordered mesoporous carbon-supported transition metal carbides were synthesized by molten salt method, and the samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and BET. The results show that the method can form carbon-supported metal carbides such as TiC and Mo₂C with small particle size and high specific surface area, which has better prospects for catalytic application.

Key words: ordered mesoporous carbon, metal carbides, molten salt method, porous carbon

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

孟敏珊, 赵佳华, 张鹏飞. 熔盐法合成有序介孔碳负载的金属碳化物[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(1): 409-416.

Minshan MENG, Jiahua ZHAO, Pengfei ZHANG. Synthesis of carbides supported on ordered mesoporous carbon by molten salt method[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(1): 409-416.

图/表 8

图1 有序介孔碳负载过渡金属碳化物的制备流程

Fig.1 Processes for preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon-supported transition metal carbides

图2 有序介孔碳负载碳化钛的扫面电子显微镜图

Fig.2 Scanning electron microscopy images of ordered mesoporous carbon loaded titanium carbide

图3 有序介孔碳负载碳化钛的透射电子显微镜图及粒径分布图

Fig.3 Transmission electron microscopy images of ordered mesoporous carbon-supported titanium carbide and image of particle size distribution

图4 有序介孔碳负载碳化钛(a)、碳化钼(b)的XRD谱图

Fig.4 XRD patterns of ordered mesoporous carbon supported titanium carbide (a) and molybdenum carbide(b)

图5 有序介孔碳负载Fe3C

Fig.5 Ordered mesoporous carbon loaded Fe3C

图6 活化后的有序介孔碳载体(OM carbon)的BET曲线(a)和孔径分布(b)

Fig.6 BET curve (a) and pore size distribution (b) of activated ordered mesoporous carbon carrier (OM carbon)

图7 样品的BET曲线和孔径分布

Fig.7 BET curves and pore size distributions of samples

表1 合成样品的孔道参数

Table 1 Channel structure parameters for as-prepared samples

材料名称	比表面积/(m²/g)	孔容/(cm³/g)	孔径/nm
TiC@C	211	0.14	7.8
Mo₂C@C	438	0.58	7.6
Fe₃C@C	157	0.13	7.1
OM carbon	1810	1.16	6.8

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