高空长航时无人机综合热能管理的构型分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191356

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高空长航时无人机机载机电系统中，有供电、燃油、液压和环境控制系统等独立分系统，在热量的需求和使用上，它们又是相互紧密关联的。根据现有技术，提出了一种无人机的综合热能管理构型，针对该构型进行系统参数匹配计算，并对关键产品——热交换器、回热器、冷凝器、压气机、涡轮进行部件级的初步设计和仿真建模，得到可工程化的结构参数，并在Flowmaster仿真平台上完成两轮升压式制冷/液冷一体化系统仿真，仿真结果与设计目标匹配良好，用于将空气循环制冷系统与液冷系统热量交换的空-液热交换器，将不同使用工况下不同系统的富裕制冷量进行综合利用，得到综合热能管理可以减少飞机代偿损失的依据，体现出综合热能管理构型在节能方面的优越性。

关键词: 高空长航时无人机, 热能管理, 压缩机, 涡轮, 模型, 计算机模拟

Abstract:

There are many subsystems such as power supply system, fuel system and environmental control system(ECS) in the high altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).They are independence and also have correlations with each other on the demand and use of the thermal. The new configuration of integrated thermal management about high altitude long-endurance UAV is put forward and the research about the parameters matching among the systems has been done. The preliminary design of the major system compoments is presented and the mathematical models of the compoments are established, such as heat exchanger, reheater, condenser, compressor and turbine. The structure parameters for engineering have been obtained.The computer simulation system of the integrated air-conditioning pack and liquid cooling system is established on the Flowmaster platform. It is presented that the computer simulation results match with design objective very well. The new configuration can make the thermal be integratly used under different working conditions with the heat exchanger which is used to exchange the heat between the air-conditioning pack and liquid cooling system. The aircraft performance penalty is reduced,which can show the superior of the integrated thermal management configuration. As the system configuration optimization is completed with the integrated aircraft thermal management, the target radar cross section (RCS) of the stealth high altitude long-endurance UAV will also be reduced.

Key words: high altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle, thermal management, compressor, turbine, model, computer simulation

中图分类号:

V 245.3

马慧才, 刘毅玲, 党晓民. 高空长航时无人机综合热能管理的构型分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 417-424.

Huicai MA, Yiling LIU, Xiaomin DANG. Configuration analysis of integrated thermal management about high altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 417-424.

图/表 9

图1 无人机综合热能管理构型工作原理图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of integrated thermal management configuration about UAV

图2 涡轮-压气机式空气循环制冷系统匹配计算流程

Fig.2 Flow diagram about parameters matching of air-conditioning pack

图3 压气机效率及转速通用特性曲面

Fig.3 Performance curved surface about compressor efficiency and rotational speed

图4 涡轮效率及流量通用特性曲面

Fig.4 Performance curved surface about turbine efficiency and flow

图5 两轮升压式制冷/液冷一体化系统仿真结构图

Fig.5 Simulation model of air-conditioning pack and liquid cooling integrated system

表1 设计点状态下系统性能参数计算结果

Table 1 System parameters calculation conditions on design point

参数	设计目标值	设计完成值
质量流量/(kg/s)	0.673	0.673
初散效率/%	0.85	0.8
次散效率/%	0.6	0.75
回热器效率/%	0.51	0.41
冷凝器效率/%	0.35	0.315
压气机压比	1.656	1.6
压气机效率/%	0.7	0.7
涡轮膨胀比	4.6	4.49
涡轮效率/%	0.75	0.765
工作转速/(r/min)	50000	50400
出口温度/℃	5	7.1
制冷量/kW	14.8	13.5

表2 极热天、3 km高度下系统性能参数

Table 2 System parameters calculation conditions on hot days at altitude of 3 km

序号	名称	压力/bar	温度/℃	含湿量/(g/kg)	流量/(kg/s)
1	冲压空气	0.71	18.5	19	0.9
2	系统入口	2.88	180	19	0.4
3	系统出口	0.81	-1	2.6	0.4

表3 极热天、3 km高度下系统部件性能参数

Table 3 System components parameters calculation conditions on hot days at altitude of 3 km

序号	名称	效率/%	膨胀比/压比	转速/（r/min）
1	涡轮	0.72	3.2	36500
2	压气机	0.7	1.46	36500

表4 液冷系统部件性能参数

Table 4 Components parameters calculation conditions of liquid cooling system

序号	部件名称	制冷量/kW	流量/(kg/s)	温降/K	效率/%
1	蒙皮散热器	19.1	0.52	10	10.1
2	空液换热器	8	0.52	4	41

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