耦合蒸气冷却屏的真空多层绝热结构对液氢储罐自增压过程的影响机制研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230544

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于MATLAB，构建了一种考虑氢储罐真空多层绝热结构、蒸气冷却屏和内部流体域的瞬态仿真模型。引入了无量纲的蒸气消耗因子 $η c$ 、休眠期延长因子 $η s$ 和单位因子 $η$ ， $η c$ 代表冷却屏在储存全周期蒸气的消耗量， $η s$ 代表采用冷却屏时休眠期相对于未采用时休眠期的延长量， $η$ 是 $η s$ 与 $η c$ 的比值，代表冷却屏屏蔽漏热的能力。研究了冷却屏的无量纲位置、 $η c$ 、流量和开启时刻对 $η s$ 和 $η$ 的影响。结果表明，在冷却屏开启时段不变时，使得 $η s$ 最大化的冷却屏最佳位置是0.622；当冷却屏位置是0.622， $η c$ 从0.0640降至0.0128， $η$ 增大34.7%，但是当冷却屏的设置偏离最佳位置越远，降低 $η c$ 使得 $η$ 增大的幅度越小；固定 $η c$ 和蒸气冷却屏的开启时长， $η s$ 随着开启时刻的推迟先增大后减小，当冷却屏的位置是0.622，使 $η s$ 最大的开启时刻是第23.26天。

关键词: 模型, 传热, 氢, 真空多层绝热, 蒸气冷却屏

Abstract:

Based on MATLAB program, a transient simulation model considering the vacuum multi-layer insulation, the vapor-cooled shield and the internal fluid domain of liquid hydrogen storage tank is constructed, which can be used to simulate the state change of the storage tank during the full cycle. The dimensionless vapor consumption factor $η c$ , dormancy extension factor $η s$ and unit factor $η$ are introduced. $η c$ represents the vapor consumption of vapor-cooled shield during the full cycle of storage, $η s$ represents the extension of the dormancy period with vapor-cooled shield opened relative to that with vapor-cooled shield closed, and $η$ is the ratio of $η s$ to $η c$ , representing the ability of vapor-cooled shield in shielding heat leakage. The effects of the dimensionless position of vapor-cooled shield, $η c$ , vapor flow rate and start-up time on $η s$ and $η$ are investigated. The results show that the optimal position of vapor-cooled shield that maximizes $η s$ is 0.622 when the starting-up time of vapor-cooled shield is constant. Decreasing $η c$ helps to increase $η$ . When the position of vapor-cooled shield is 0.622, and $η c$ decreases from 0.0640 to 0.0128, $η$ increases by 34.7%. However, when the setting of the cooling screen deviates further from the optimal position, decreasing makes the increase smaller. When $η c$ and the duration time of vapor-cooled shield are fixed, $η s$ firstly increases then decreases with the delay of the start-up time. When the position of vapor-cooled shield is 0.622, the starting-up time that maximizes $η s$ is 23.26 d.

Key words: model, heat transfer, hydrogen, vacuum multi-layer insulation, vapor-cooled shield

中图分类号:

TB 657

李科, 文键, 忻碧平. 耦合蒸气冷却屏的真空多层绝热结构对液氢储罐自增压过程的影响机制研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3786-3796.

Ke LI, Jian WEN, Biping XIN. Study on influence mechanism of vacuum multi-layer insulation coupled with vapor-cooled shield on self-pressurization process of liquid hydrogen storage tank[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3786-3796.

图/表 11

图1 耦合蒸气冷却屏的真空多层绝热结构及温度节点的布置

Fig.1 Vacuum multi-layer insulation coupled with vapor-cooled shield and arrangement of temperature nodes

图 2 考虑真空多层绝热结构和蒸气冷却屏的液氢储罐的动态增压模型的计算流程图

Fig.2 Flow chart of dynamic pressurization model of liquid hydrogen storage tank considering vacuum multi-layer insulation and vapor-cooled shield

图3 辐射屏的位置坐标和相邻辐射屏的间距

Fig.3 Location coordinates of insulation shield and spacing of adjacent insulation shield

图4 计算值与实验值的温度分布比较

Fig.4 Comparison of temperature distribution between calculated and experimental value

表1 守恒验证所采用的参数

Table 1 Parameters used for conservation verification

工况	蒸气冷却屏中蒸气流量/(kg/h)	蒸气冷却屏开启时刻	蒸气冷却屏关闭时刻	蒸气冷却屏所在辐射屏的编号
基准	未设置蒸气冷却屏，或虽设置未开启
1	0.108	第10000 s	第510000 s	15
2	0.0108	第10000 s	第5010000 s	15
3	0.0108	第10000 s	第5010000 s	5, 21

表2 能量守恒核算结果

Table 2 Verification results of energy conservation

工况	初始储罐内流体内能 U_ini/J	从储罐进入蒸气冷却屏的蒸气的焓h_vcs/J	真空多层绝热结构进入流体域的漏热Q_in/J	计算终止时储罐内流体内能U_ter/J	(U_ini+Q_in-h_vcs)/J	外界进入真空多层绝热结构的热量Q_e/J	真空多层绝热结构温度上升吸收的热量Q_vcs/J	蒸气冷却屏吸收的热量b_i /J	(Q_e-Q_in-b_i )/J
基准	2.3352×10⁵	0	4.3003×10⁷	4.3236×10⁷	4.3236×10⁷	1.4315×10⁸	1.0040×10⁸	0	1.0015×10⁸
1	2.3352×10⁵	6.6375×10⁶	4.9272×10⁷	4.2856×10⁷	4.2867×10⁷	1.6115×10⁸	1.0296×10⁸	9.2265×10⁶	1.0265×10⁸
2	2.3352×10⁵	6.7047×10⁶	4.9329×10⁷	4.2856×10⁷	4.2858×10⁷	1.6685×10⁸	1.0105×10⁸	1.6532×10⁷	1.0098×10⁸
3	2.3352×10⁵	6.6995×10⁶	4.9324×10⁷	4.2856×10⁷	4.2858×10⁷	1.7561×10⁸	1.0069×10⁸	2.5889×10⁷	1.0040×10⁸

表3 质量守恒核算结果

Table 3 Verification results of mass conservation

工况	初始储罐内气相质量 $m g 0$ /kg	初始储罐内液相质量 $m l 0$ /kg	计算终止时储罐内气相质量 $m g t e r$ /kg	计算终止时储罐内液相质量 $m l t e r$ /kg	蒸气冷却屏带走的质量m_vcs/kg	$(m g 0 + m l 0 - m g t e r - m v c s) / k g$
基准	9.0014	772.1027	23.7368	757.3673	0	757.3673
1	9.0014	772.1027	24.6337	741.4437	15	741.4704
2	9.0014	772.1027	24.6323	741.4689	15	741.4718
3	9.0014	772.1027	24.6324	741.4681	15	741.4717

表3 质量守恒核算结果

Table 3 Verification results of mass conservation

工况	初始储罐内气相质量 $m g 0$ /kg	初始储罐内液相质量 $m l 0$ /kg	计算终止时储罐内气相质量 $m g t e r$ /kg	计算终止时储罐内液相质量 $m l t e r$ /kg	蒸气冷却屏带走的质量m_vcs/kg	$(m g 0 + m l 0 - m g t e r - m v c s) / k g$
基准	9.0014	772.1027	23.7368	757.3673	0	757.3673
1	9.0014	772.1027	24.6337	741.4437	15	741.4704
2	9.0014	772.1027	24.6323	741.4689	15	741.4718
3	9.0014	772.1027	24.6324	741.4681	15	741.4717

图5 单蒸气冷却屏位置和ηc对ηs和η的影响

Fig.5 Effect of location of single vapor-cooled shield and ηc on ηs and η

图6 蒸气冷却屏中流量对ηs的影响

Fig.6 Effect of flow rate in vapor-cooled shield on ηs

图7 储罐内参数随储存时间的变化

Fig.7 Variation of parameters in tank with storage time

图8 蒸气冷却屏的开启时刻对ηs的影响

Fig.8 Effect of start-up time of vapor-cooled shield on ηs

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