磁补偿微重力环境实现及磁流体微重力内角流动研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200291

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于表面张力的作用，流体在微重力环境中沿一定夹角的内角壁面爬升过程与常重力状态不同。为了对微重力内角流动的物理过程进行研究，利用磁补偿方法搭建了常温磁流体微重力补偿实验台，实现了目标区域内纵向小于5%非均匀度的磁补偿微重力环境。并对不同重力条件下水基磁流体沿若干材料内角爬升过程进行了可视化实验研究，探究了微重力环境下流体与材料间的接触角以及内角角度对液体导流性能的影响以及毛细流动规律。结果表明，在满足Concus-Finn条件时，液面爬升高度和重力加速度近似呈反比关系。接触角和内角角度越小，流体输运能力越强，且重力水平越低，越为明显。当不满足Concus-Finn条件时，液面爬升高度和重力加速度近似呈线性关系，接触角和内角角度对流体输运能力的影响并不明显。

关键词: 微重力, 毛细流动, 磁补偿, 水基磁流体, 接触角, 内角

Abstract:

Due to the effect of surface tension, the process of fluid climbing along the inner wall at a certain angle in the microgravity environment is different from that of normal gravity. To study the physical process of capillary flow in microgravity, this paper uses the magnetic compensation method to set up a normal temperature magnetic fluid microgravity compensation experimental platform, which achieves magnetic compensation of less than 5% non-uniformity longitudinally in the target area. Visualized experimental research on the climb process of water-based magnetic fluid along the interior corner of different materials under the condition of different gravity is performed to verify the influence of contact angle and interior corner angle on the fluid transport capacity in the microgravity environment and to reveal the capillary flow law of the magnetic fluid in the microgravity environment. The results show that when the Concus-Finn condition is satisfied, the liquid surface climbing height and the gravity acceleration are approximately inversely proportional. The smaller the contact angle and interior corner angle, the stronger the fluid transport capacity of the material, especially in a good microgravity environment. When the Concus-Finn condition is not satisfied, the liquid surface climbing height and the acceleration of gravity have a linear relationship, and the impact of changes in contact angle and interior corner angle on the fluid transport capacity is not obvious.

Key words: microgravity, capillary flow, magnetic compensation, water-based magnetic fluid, contact angle, interior corner

中图分类号:

V 511⁺.6

沈逸, 张泽宇, 梁益涛, 黄永华, 耑锐, 张亮, 卜劭华. 磁补偿微重力环境实现及磁流体微重力内角流动研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(8): 3490-3499.

Yi SHEN, Zeyu ZHANG, Yitao LIANG, Yonghua HUANG, Rui ZHUAN, Liang ZHANG, Shaohua BU. Realization of microgravity environment by magnetic compensation and study on interior corner flow of magnetic fluid in microgravity[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(8): 3490-3499.

图/表 14

图1 叶片式贮箱中的内角结构(a)[6]和内角流动模型(b)

Fig.1 Interior corner structure in a vane storage tank(a)[6] and schematic of interior corner flow(b)

图2 Helmholtz-Maxwell线圈组合

Fig.2 Combined unit of Helmholtz-Maxwell coil

表1 线圈尺寸参数

Table 1 Geometry of the coils

参数	外线圈	内线圈
内径/mm	360	140
外径/mm	484	264
厚度/mm	60	55
上下两个线圈间距/mm	220	187

图3 实验系统

Fig.3 Design sketch and physical figure of experimental setup

图4 样品容器、位置调节装置和测试样品

Fig.4 Container, position adjuster and testing samples

表2 磁场梯度标定

Table 2 Magnetic field gradient calibration

磁补偿区域内

平均梯度/(T/m)

实测纵向非均匀度/%

I₁/A

I₂/A

图5 不同材料对水基磁流体的接触角大小

Fig.5 Contact angle of water-based magnetic fluid on different material surfaces

图6 不同重力工况下磁流体沿90°内角肋板爬升观测结果

Fig.6 Observation results of magnetic fluid climbing along ribbed plates with 90° interior corner angle under different gravity conditions

图7 三种材料肋板液面爬升高度曲线

Fig.7 Fluid climbing height curve of ribbed plates made of three different materials

图8 不同重力下液面爬升高度随接触角的变化

Fig.8 Variation of fluid climbing height with contact angle under different gravity conditions

图9 不同重力工况下磁流体沿45°内角肋板爬升观测结果

Fig.9 Observation of magnetic fluid climbing along ribbed plates with 45° interior corner angle under different gravity conditions

图10 不同内角铜制肋板液面爬升高度曲线

Fig.10 Fluid climbing height on copper ribbed plates with different interior corner angles

图11 不同内角不锈钢肋板液面爬升高度曲线

Fig.11 Fluid climbing height curves of stainless-steel ribbed plates with different interior corner angles

图12 不同重力下不锈钢肋板内液面爬升高度随内角的变化

Fig.12 Variation of fluid climbing height of stainless-steel ribbed plates with different interior corner angles under different gravity

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