不同相对湿度下亲疏水纳米纤维膜空气过滤性能实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191333

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用静电纺丝法制备了表面静态接触角为23.6°的具有亲水功能的PAN/PVP复合纳米纤维膜、接触角为81.2°的PAN纳米纤维膜、接触角为131.9°的具有疏水功能的PAN/PVDF复合纳米纤维膜。利用自行搭建的空气过滤实验台，在40%、55%、70%三种相对湿度下对三种纳米纤维膜进行空气过滤实验，对纳米纤维膜的过滤效率、阻力损失及品质因子进行分析。结果表明：三种纳米纤维膜的过滤效率随着相对湿度的增大而升高，PAN/PVP膜和PAN膜的阻力损失随着相对湿度的增大而增加，PAN/PVDF的阻力损失随着相对湿度的增大而减小；PAN/PVP膜和PAN膜的品质因子随着相对湿度的增大而减小，PAN/PVDF膜的品质因子随着相对湿度的增大而增大，湿度越大，PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜的过滤性能越显著。

关键词: 静电纺丝法, 纳米纤维膜, 接触角, 相对湿度, 过滤性能

Abstract:

In this paper, PAN/PVP composite nanofiber films with hydrophilic function, PAN nanofiber films and PAN/PVDF composite nanofiber films with hydrophobic function were prepared by electrospinning with static contact angles of 23.6°, 81.2° and 131.9°. Using the self-constructed air filtration system, the filtration experiments of three kinds of nanofiber membranes were carried out under 40%, 55% and 70% humidity gradients. The filtration efficiency, resistance loss and quality factor (QF) of nanofiber membranes were analyzed. The results show that the filtration efficiency of the three nanofiber membranes increases with the increase of relative humidity, the resistance loss of PAN/ PVP film and PAN film increase with the increase of relative humidity, and the resistance loss of PAN/PVDF decreases with the increase of relative humidity. The QF value of PAN/PVP film and PAN film decreases with the increase of relative humidity, and the QF value of PAN/PVDF film increases with the increase of relative humidity. The higher is the relative humidity, the better is the filtration performance of PAN/PVDF nanofiber membrane.

Key words: electrospinning method, nanofiber film, contact angle, relative humidity, filtration performance

中图分类号:

TQ 340

吴延鹏, 赵薇, 陈凤君. 不同相对湿度下亲疏水纳米纤维膜空气过滤性能实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 471-478.

Yanpeng WU, Wei ZHAO, Fengjun CHEN. Experimental study on air filtration performance of nanofiber membrane with hydrophilic and hydrophobic function at different relative humidity[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 471-478.

图/表 14

图1 静电纺丝装置

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of electrostatic spinning device1—high voltage power supply; 2—ejection pump; 3—receiving device

图2 纤维膜空气过滤性能实验装置

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of testing device for air filtration performance of fiber membrane1—atmospheric dust; 2—uncontaminated air; 3—acrylic plate straight pipe section; 4—humidifier; 5—particle counter; 6—tilt-type micro manometer; 7—vacuum pump; 8—flange connections; 9—filter membrane; 10—thermometer; 11—hygrometric tables; 12—hot wire anemometer

图3 纳米纤维膜SEM图及纤维直径分布图

Fig.3 SEM and fiber diameter distribution of nano-fiber membrane

图4 纳米纤维膜表面静态接触角

Fig.4 Static contact angle on surface of nanofiber membrane

图5 滤料对不同粒径颗粒物的过滤效率

Fig.5 Filtration efficiency of filter material on particulate matter with different particle size

图6 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜在40%相对湿度时的平均过滤效率

Fig.6 Average filtration efficiency of PAN/ PVP, PAN, PAN/ PVDF nanofiber membrane at 40% relative humidity

表1 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜的QF/Pa-1

Table 1 QF of PAN/PVP,PAN,PAN/PVDF nanofiber membrane/Pa-1

Particle diameter/μm	PAN/PVP	PAN	PAN/PVDF
0.3	0.01994	0.01965	0.01956
0.5	0.02114	0.0211	0.02025
1	0.02611	0.02583	0.02578
3	+∞	+∞	+∞
5	+∞	+∞	+∞
10	+∞	+∞	+∞

图7 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜在55%相对湿度时的平均过滤效率

Fig.7 Average filtration efficiency of PAN/ PVP, PAN, PAN/ PVDF nanofiber membrane at 55% relative humidity

表2 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜的QF/Pa-1

Table 2 QF of PAN/PVP,PAN,PAN/PVDF nanofiber membrane/Pa-1

Particle diameter/μm	PAN/PVP	PAN	PAN/PVDF
0.3	0.01872	0.01963	0.02273
0.5	0.01984	0.02042	0.02531
1	0.02461	0.02498	0.03078
3	+∞	+∞	+∞
5	+∞	+∞	+∞
10	+∞	+∞	+∞

图8 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜在70%相对湿度时的平均过滤效率

Fig.8 Average filtration efficiency of PAN/PVP,PAN,PAN/PVDF nanofiber membranes at 70% relative humidity

表3 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜的QF/Pa-1

Table 3 QF of PAN/PVP,PAN,PAN/PVDF nanofiber membrane/Pa-1

Particle diameter/μm	PAN/PVP	PAN	PAN/PVDF
0.3	0.01802	0.01851	0.02778
0.5	0.01961	0.02029	0.03113
1	+∞	+∞	+∞
3	+∞	+∞	+∞
5	+∞	+∞	+∞
10	+∞	+∞	+∞

图9 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF膜在不同相对湿度下的压降

Fig.9 Pressure drop of PAN/PVP,PAN,PAN/PVDF film at different humidity

图10 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF膜在不同相对湿度下的过滤效率

Fig.10 Filtration efficiency of PAN/ PVP, PAN, PAN/ PVDF membrane under different relative humidity

图11 PAN/PVP、PAN、PAN/PVDF膜在不同相对湿度下的QF值

Fig.11 QF value of PAN/ PVP, PAN, PAN/ PVDF membrane under different relative humidity

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