基于加权统计特征KICA的故障检测与诊断方法

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211295

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对核独立元分析（kernel independent component analysis， KICA）在非线性动态过程中对微小故障检测率低的问题，提出一种基于加权统计特征KICA（weighted statistical feature KICA， WSFKICA）的故障检测与诊断方法。首先，利用KICA从原始数据中捕获独立元数据和残差数据；然后，通过加权统计特征和滑动窗口获取改进统计特征数据集，并由此数据集构建统计量进行故障检测；最后，利用基于变量贡献图的方法进行过程故障诊断。与传统KICA统计量相比，所提方法的统计量对非线性动态过程中的微小故障具有更高的故障检测性能。应用该方法对一个数值例子和田纳西-伊斯曼（Tennessee-Eastman， TE）过程进行仿真测试，仿真结果显示出所提方法相对于独立元分析（ICA）、KICA、核主成分分析（kernel principal component analysis， KPCA）和统计局部核主成分分析（statistical local kernel principal component analysis， SLKPCA）检测的优势。

关键词: 独立元分析, 微小故障, 统计特征, 过程控制, 参数估值, 故障诊断, 动态仿真

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of low early fault detection rate in the nonlinear dynamic process of kernel independent component analysis (KICA), a fault detection and diagnosis approach based on weighted statistical feature KICA (WSFKICA) is proposed. First, the independent component data and residual data are captured from the original data by using KICA. Then, the improved statistical feature data set is obtained by weighted statistical feature and sliding window, and the statistics is constructed from the data set for fault detection. Finally, the method based on contribution chart of monitored variables is used for process fault diagnosis. Compared with traditional KICA statistics, the statistics of the proposed approach has higher fault detection performance for incipient faults in nonlinear dynamic processes. The proposed approach is tested in a simulated case and in the Tennessee-Eastman (TE) process. The simulation results show that the proposed approach has an advantage over ICA, KICA, KPCA and statistical local kernel principal component analysis (SLKPCA).

Key words: independent component analysis, incipient faults, statistical feature, process control, parameter estimation, fault diagnosis, dynamic simulation

中图分类号:

TP 277

张成, 潘立志, 李元. 基于加权统计特征KICA的故障检测与诊断方法[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 827-837.

Cheng ZHANG, Lizhi PAN, Yuan LI. Fault detection and diagnosis method based on weighted statistical feature KICA[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(2): 827-837.

图/表 25

图1 KICA独立元

Fig.1 Independent component using KICA

图2 WSFKICA流程示意图

Fig.2 Flow diagram of WSFKICA

表1 参数?β?取不同值时的校验准确率

Table 1 Validation accuracy at different parameter β

$β$	校验准确率		平均值
$β$	R	H	平均值
$2$	90.8	76.7	83.7
$3$	91.7	75.6	83.6
$4$	97.6	71.4	84.5
$5$	97.6	69.1	83.3
$6$	97.6	65.7	81.6

表1 参数?β?取不同值时的校验准确率

Table 1 Validation accuracy at different parameter β

$β$	校验准确率		平均值
$β$	R	H	平均值
$2$	90.8	76.7	83.7
$3$	91.7	75.6	83.6
$4$	97.6	71.4	84.5
$5$	97.6	69.1	83.3
$6$	97.6	65.7	81.6

图3 ICA独立元

Fig.3 ICA independent component

图4 ICA故障检测结果

Fig.4 Fault detection results using ICA

图5 KICA独立元空间中样本

Fig.5 Samples in independent component space by KICA

图6 KICA故障检测结果

Fig.6 Fault detection results using KICA

图7 KPCA主元空间样本

Fig.7 Samples of principal component space in KPCA

图8 KPCA故障检测结果

Fig.8 Fault detection results using KPCA

图9 SLKPCA故障检测结果

Fig.9 Fault detection results using SLKPCA

图10 WSFKICA特征数据中样本

Fig.10 Samples in feature data using WSFKICA

图11 WSFKICA故障检测结果

Fig.11 Fault detection results using WSFKICA

图12 监控变量贡献图

Fig.12 Contribution charts of monitored variables

图13 监控变量

Fig.13 Monitoring variable

表2 数值例子中各方法的故障检测率

Table 2 Fault detection rates of each method in simulated case

ICA		KICA		KPCA		SLKPCA		WSFKICA
$I 2$	$S P E$	$I 2$	$S P E$	$Τ 2$	$S P E$	$Τ 2$	$S P E$	$R$	$H$
27.6	10.4	27.8	18.6	6.4	2.8	86	87	97.2	92.2

表2 数值例子中各方法的故障检测率

Table 2 Fault detection rates of each method in simulated case

ICA		KICA		KPCA		SLKPCA		WSFKICA
$I 2$	$S P E$	$I 2$	$S P E$	$Τ 2$	$S P E$	$Τ 2$	$S P E$	$R$	$H$
27.6	10.4	27.8	18.6	6.4	2.8	86	87	97.2	92.2

图14 TE过程流程

Fig.14 Layout of TE processes

表3 TE过程中各方法的故障检测率

Table 3 Fault detection rates of each method in TE process

序号	ICA		KICA		KPCA		WSFKICA
序号	$I 2$	$S P E$	$I 2$	$S P E$	$Τ 2$	$S P E$	$R$	$H$
1	95.7	99.3	98	98.7	99.1	99.3	99.7	100
2	87.9	94.9	86.6	94	94.4	94.7	93	99.4
3	11.1	10.7	1.6	1.3	0.6	10.3	21	98.6
4	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	100	100
5	34.7	19.9	4	0.6	1	23.3	43	99.6
6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
7	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	100	100
8	86.6	88.6	86.4	85.9	87.6	89.4	90.4	93
9	8.7	18.29	2.4	7.3	4.3	13.9	38.3	88.4
10	88	88.6	80.9	84.7	86.9	89.1	93.3	96.7
11	89.4	98.7	95.1	96.6	98.4	98.4	99.4	100
12	32.4	74.1	33.1	35.9	40.4	77	95.1	100
13	92	94.71	93.6	94.1	94.3	94.9	96.7	100
14	83.9	98.9	97.9	98.7	98.7	98.9	100	100
15	14.6	0.4	0.1	0	0	1.9	54.4	99.4
16	5	6.1	6.3	5.9	1.4	0.9	6.7	5.7
17	81.1	84.9	76.3	80	84.7	84.9	88.7	90.7
18	52.9	62.86	48.1	49.6	51.6	62.1	68.7	70.9
19	93.7	95	88.9	90.6	93.1	95.4	94	98.7
20	85.9	85.1	83.6	85.4	85.3	85.3	87.4	91.4
21	5	6.4	6.4	5.7	1.6	0.9	7.3	12.4
22	17.3	13.1	1.6	0.9	0.4	13.1	23.9	87.4
23	16.7	12.6	11.4	18.7	4.7	3.7	44.9	100
24	79.3	87.7	70.1	83.9	83	88.4	91.4	93.1
25	94.1	93.4	83.7	88.3	87	95	98.1	100
26	62.3	87.1	58.1	77.3	85.6	88.6	88.1	95.1
27	50.1	87	59.7	58.4	71.6	90	96.4	100
28	15.7	13	2.4	0.4	0.6	15	3.7	91.7

表3 TE过程中各方法的故障检测率

Table 3 Fault detection rates of each method in TE process

序号	ICA		KICA		KPCA		WSFKICA
序号	$I 2$	$S P E$	$I 2$	$S P E$	$Τ 2$	$S P E$	$R$	$H$
1	95.7	99.3	98	98.7	99.1	99.3	99.7	100
2	87.9	94.9	86.6	94	94.4	94.7	93	99.4
3	11.1	10.7	1.6	1.3	0.6	10.3	21	98.6
4	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	100	100
5	34.7	19.9	4	0.6	1	23.3	43	99.6
6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
7	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	100	100
8	86.6	88.6	86.4	85.9	87.6	89.4	90.4	93
9	8.7	18.29	2.4	7.3	4.3	13.9	38.3	88.4
10	88	88.6	80.9	84.7	86.9	89.1	93.3	96.7
11	89.4	98.7	95.1	96.6	98.4	98.4	99.4	100
12	32.4	74.1	33.1	35.9	40.4	77	95.1	100
13	92	94.71	93.6	94.1	94.3	94.9	96.7	100
14	83.9	98.9	97.9	98.7	98.7	98.9	100	100
15	14.6	0.4	0.1	0	0	1.9	54.4	99.4
16	5	6.1	6.3	5.9	1.4	0.9	6.7	5.7
17	81.1	84.9	76.3	80	84.7	84.9	88.7	90.7
18	52.9	62.86	48.1	49.6	51.6	62.1	68.7	70.9
19	93.7	95	88.9	90.6	93.1	95.4	94	98.7
20	85.9	85.1	83.6	85.4	85.3	85.3	87.4	91.4
21	5	6.4	6.4	5.7	1.6	0.9	7.3	12.4
22	17.3	13.1	1.6	0.9	0.4	13.1	23.9	87.4
23	16.7	12.6	11.4	18.7	4.7	3.7	44.9	100
24	79.3	87.7	70.1	83.9	83	88.4	91.4	93.1
25	94.1	93.4	83.7	88.3	87	95	98.1	100
26	62.3	87.1	58.1	77.3	85.6	88.6	88.1	95.1
27	50.1	87	59.7	58.4	71.6	90	96.4	100
28	15.7	13	2.4	0.4	0.6	15	3.7	91.7

图15 ICA故障检测结果

Fig.15 Fault detection results using ICA

图16 KICA故障检测结果

Fig.16 Fault detection results using KICA

图17 KPCA故障检测结果

Fig.17 Fault detection results using KPCA

图18 WSFKICA故障检测结果

Fig.18 Fault detection results using WSFKICA

图19 故障27贡献图

Fig.19 Contribution chart of Fault 27

图20 反应堆温度和反应堆冷却水流量

Fig.20 Reactor temperature and reactor cooling water flow

图21 故障10贡献图

Fig.21 Contribution chart of Fault 10

图22 汽提塔温度和汽提液产品流

Fig.22 Stripper temperature and stripper liquid product flow

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