超临界二氧化碳混合工质储能系统热力学分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240521

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决可再生能源的间歇性和不稳定性等问题，基于超临界压缩二氧化碳储能（supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage，SC-CCES）系统，利用CO₂基二元混合物作为循环工质，对系统进行热力学性能分析。研究不同混合工质在不同比例下的储能性能以及储能系统往返效率和储能密度的变化规律。结果表明：超临界CO₂混合工质储能系统的往返效率随着混入氪气质量分数的增加而升高，且高于单一CO₂工质的往返效率；随着混入异丁烷、R32、R134a、丙烷的质量分数的增加能够使储能密度逐渐增加。研究结果可对未来建设CO₂混合工质储能循环工程应用奠定理论基础。

关键词: 超临界二氧化碳, 二元混合物, 建模仿真, 热力学分析

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of intermittency and instability of renewable energy, based on the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage (SC-CCES) system, the thermodynamic performance of the system was analyzed by using CO₂-based binary mixture as the circulating working medium. The energy storage performance of different mixtures in different proportions and the influence of key parameters such as compressor inlet temperature, heat source flow rate and pressure drop of high pressure throttle valve on the system round-trip efficiency and energy storage density were studied. The results show that the round-trip efficiency of the supercritical CO₂ mixed working medium energy storage system increases with the increase of the mass fraction of krypton gas, and is higher than that of a single CO₂ working medium. With the increase of the mass fraction of isobutane, R32, R134a and propane, the energy storage density will gradually increase. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the future application of CO₂ mixed working medium energy storage cycle project.

Key words: supercritical carbon dioxide, binary mixture, modeling and simulation, thermodynamic analysis

中图分类号:

TK 123

王迪, 崔颖晗, 孙灵芳, 周云龙. 超临界二氧化碳混合工质储能系统热力学分析[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(10): 3414-3423.

Di WANG, Yinghan CUI, Lingfang SUN, Yunlong ZHOU. Thermodynamic analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide mixed working fluid energy storage system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(10): 3414-3423.

图/表 12

图1 超临界CO2混合工质储能系统[20]

Fig.1 Supercritical CO2 mixed working fluid energy storage system[20]

图2 CO2/R134a(0.9/0.1)循环储能系统的温熵图

Fig.2 Temperature-entropy diagram of the energy storage system cycled with CO2/R134a(0.9/0.1)

图3 混合工质临界参数

Fig.3 Critical parameters of the mixing medium

表1 模型验证

Table 1 Verification of the model

参数	仿真值	参考值	相对误差/%
主压缩机温度/K	322.8	324	0.37
主压缩机压力/kPa	13842	13840	0.01
再压缩机温度/K	391.9	391	0.23
再压缩机压力/kPa	13968	13731	1.73
透平温度/K	747.8	750	0.29
透平压力/kPa	7889	7890	0.01
低温回热器热端温度/K	337.2	335	0.66
低温回热器热端压力/kPa	7820	7760	0.77
低温回热器冷端温度/K	391.3	389	0.59
低温回热器冷端压力/kPa	13840	13730	0.8
高温回热器热端温度/K	415	418	0.72
高温回热器热端压力/kPa	7890	7820	0.9
高温回热器冷端温度/K	695.7	698	0.33
高温回热器冷端压力/kPa	13730	13610	0.88

表2 系统设计参数

Table 2 System design parameter

参数	数值
储能时间/s	660
释能时间/s	480
储能阶段混合工质流量/(kg/s)	70
释能阶段混合工质流量/(kg/s)	80
压缩机等熵效率/%	89
透平等熵效率/%	90
储冷罐内导热油体积/m³	55
储热罐内导热油体积/m³	0
环境温度/K	298.15
热源温度/K	838.15

图4 混合工质的储能性能

Fig.4 Energy storage performance of mixed working medium

图5 压缩机入口温度变化下混合工质质量分数为6%、10%的往返效率

Fig.5 The round-trip efficiency with the mass fraction of the mixed working medium is 6% and 10% under the change of compressor inlet temperature

图6 压缩机入口温度变化下混合工质质量分数为6%、10%的储能密度

Fig. 6 The energy storage density with the mass fraction of the mixed working medium is 6% and 10% under the change of compressor inlet temperature

图7 高压节流阀压降变化下混合工质质量分数为6%、10%的往返效率

Fig. 7 The round-trip efficiency of the mass fraction of the mixed working medium is 6% and 10% under the pressure drop change of the throttle valve

图8 高压节流阀压降变化下混合工质质量分数为6%、10%的储能密度

Fig. 8 The energy storage density with the mass fraction of the mixed working medium is 6% and 10% under the pressure drop change of the throttle valve

图9 热源流量变化下混合工质质量分数为6%、10%的往返效率

Fig. 9 The round-trip efficiency of the mass fraction of the mixed working medium is 6% and 10% under the change of heat source flow rate

图10 热源流量变化下混合工质质量分数为6%、10%的储能密度

Fig. 10 The energy storage density of the mass fraction of the mixed working medium is 6% and 10% under the change of heat source flow rate

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